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Present/Past tenses
Ex.7 p.79
11.6.9 - use a wide variety of present and past forms, including a growing number of more nuanced contrasts [past and perfective aspect/simple and progressive aspect] on a wide range of general and curricular topics;
Aim: to revise present and past tenses
• Refer Ss to the Grammar Reference section to review the theory on present and past tenses.
• Then elicit examples in the text (had already discovered, has evolved, are committing, are moving, have been using, have developed) and when/how we use different present/past tenses.
• Give Ss time to complete the email with the correct present/past tense.
• Check Ss' answers around the class. Ss justify their answers.
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Answer Key
1 received (past simple, action happened at a stated time – last week)
2 have been researching (present perfect continuous, emphasis on the duration of an action that started in the past and continues up to the present – for three days now)
3 had been looking into (past perfect continuous, an action which started and finished in the past, before another action – before my company's
lithium-ion battery production took off)
4 had expressed (past perfect, an action which finished before another past action – prior to our expansion in this field)
5 hadn’t considered (past perfect, an action which finished before another past action – before I read your proposal)
6 are thinking (think is a stative verb – when used in a continuous tense it means ‘consider’)
7 want (present simple, stative verb in the present)
8 had intended (past perfect, an action which finished in the past and whose result was visible at a later point in the past – but the weather forced me to cancel it)
9 forced (past simple, an action which happened at a stated time in the past – a few hours ago)
10 hasn’t arrived (present perfect – an action which started in the past and continues up to the present – the time word 'yet')
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