Ғылымдар бойынша ХХV республикалық студенттік ғылыми конференциясының
жүктеу/скачать 5.25 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS IN THE NEW ERA Suiin A.B.
|
References 1. Wolfgang Mieder. Proverbs are Never out of Season. Popular Wisdom in the Modern Age. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993 2. Apperson G.L. English proverbs and proverbial phrases., Lnd 1969 3. Горошко Е. Пол, гендер, язык// Женщина. Гендер. Культура. - М., 1999 4. Кирилина А. В. Гендер: лингвистические аспекты. М., Институт социологии РАН, 1999 5. Даль В.И. Пословицы русского народа. - М., Высшая школа, 1957 6. A ққозин М. Ө Қазақ мақал-мәтелдері. –Алматы, 1990 ж. 288 бет. UDC 327:(470+571):94(560) RUSSIAN-TURKISH RELATIONS IN THE NEW ERA Suiin A.B. – student of the group YuM-20-3k Abduali M.A. – master teacher The history of interstate Russian-Turkish relations has more than five centuries (historians count from the message of Prince Ivan III on maritime trade, sent on August 30, 1492 to the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II). Embassy of the Russian Empire in Istanbul on permanently opened in 1701. Diplomatic relations between the RSFSR (USSR) and the Republic of Turkey installed on June 2, 1920. Russian-Turkish relations are based on a broadlegal framework. Between Russia, including as a suchstate to the USSR, and Turkey there aremore than 60 fundamental documents regulatinginteraction in various spheres of bilateral relations.The most important of them are the Treaty of Friendship and Brotherhood fromMarch 16, 1921, Relationship Principles TreatyMay 25, 1992, Joint Declaration of Promotionto a new stage in relations between the Russian Federation andThe Republic of Turkey in the post-Soviet period to the presenttime.The Caspian, Black Sea and Central Asian regions have been very important strategic footholds for many centuries for both Russia and Turkey. However, in these days there is a struggle not just for political influence over those territories, but for access to resources and domination over pipelines play as a main factor to fight for.One of the great thinker of Eurasia, D.Dubosvki calls the as a geopolitical rivalry or “Great game” between Turkey and Russia [Kolesnikov 2012]. The Russia-Turkey tandem provides energy resources to virtually all of Europe. Indeed, at the moment, Russian-Turkish economic relations are developing rapidly. Special attention is paid to multifaceted energy cooperation, which is the basis of trade and economic relations between these countries. Among its most important components are trade in energy resources, electricity, supply of equipment and services, mutual investments in the energy sectors of the two countries[Anokhin 2012].The share of Russian energy exports in the total trade between the two states accounts for 70%. The countries are actively cooperating in the development and implementation of many joint energy projects, one of the most famous and successful is “the Blue Stream”. The Blue Stream project aims to create a logistic corridor between the Turkey and Russia via Black Sea. Annual capability of the stream is up to 5000 million per cub. However, Russia not only supplies gas to Europe through Turkey, also sells it in large volumes to Ankara, almost completely meeting the energy needs of its partner. Turkey is a dynamically developing country that consistently occupies a leading position in the world in terms of growth in consumption of natural gas and electricity. The geographic location of Turkey determines the main direction for the development of energy cooperation to meet the needs of the country, primarily with Russia.Political uncertainties and military conflicts, in which the two countries oppose each other, remain the key obstacles to the development of economic relations, but the awareness of the need for effective interaction today sets the countries up for friendship and harmony. At the end of 2015, a 292 protracted crisis began in relations between the countries. The cooling of relations between the Russian Federation and Turkey has been going on for several months, the main stumbling block was the problem in Syria and its future. Turkey is trying to position itself as an alternative gas supply route, as concerns are growing about Europe's growing dependence on Russia. Russia, in turn, is trying to strengthen its current position in the European market as a leading supplier of energy carriers through various routes for the supply of Russian gas. In the near future, relations between Turkey and Russia in the sector of the fuel and energy complex, in our opinion, will develop rather dynamically. However, Turkey for Russia is a kind of bridge to Europe, where the main export energy interests of the Russian Federation are concentrated. Various experts argue that the EU-Turkey-Russia Energy Triangle is fraught with new surprises. Most likely, 2017 will be the starting point for making a final decision: one specific project will be selected from various options for gas pipelines between the EU and Russia, and the chances of Turkish Stream are very high, that is, by 2020 this project may well be implemented. Turkey's domestic market also requires close attention. Against the background of forecasting sustainable growth in primary energy consumption in Turkey with an average rate of 2.2% [Ryabtsev 2019], there is a high probability of restructuring the structure of the electric power industry as the most likely driver of energy consumption. Attention is drawn to statistical data indicating a slowdown in the growth rate of gas use in 2015 due to the implementation of a policy of increasing energy efficiency with a parallel increase in the use of non-traditional sources of energy, as well as renewable resources. It seems that in the presence of a dynamic stability in relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Turkey in the short term side will try in every possible way to find a balance on all issues, realizing that they will lose much more from confrontation, than will be able to gain from cooperation. However, more in the distant future, geopolitical, territorial and confessional differences, the struggle "for a place in the sun" within the framework of widespread globalization can become the basis of conflicts that have repeatedly manifested themselves in the history of interaction between the two countries.At the same time, it can be stated that the obvious the success of economic cooperation between the two countries is not significantly affected by differences on political issues. Visit of the President of the Russian Federation V. Putin to Turkey in December 2019 showed that, despite deep disagreements about Syrian problem, cooperation between the countries continues to develop in a forward direction. And about this evidenced by 11 cooperation agreements signed following the visit of the Russian president жүктеу/скачать 5.25 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|