Section 4 Comparison of the English gerund and its equivalents in Russian
I’ve analyzed the gerund in Russian translations of the book by C.S. Lewis “The Silver Chair” (19), and “The Lion, the Which and the Wardrobe” (20).
I’ve found the translation of these books by Shaposhnikova and Ostrovskaya. These books are under the edition of N.Trauberg (19; 20). One can see that the authors of the translation used a free technique of translation without paying any attention to the grammar and Russian equivalents. At first I’d like to consider the translation of the gerund, which is rendered by other Russian parts of speech (21; 22). There are:
Without speaking – молчание,
for looking while – победил,
for not liking – не любит,
she couldn’t help thinking – ей казалось.
Let nothing turn your mind from following the sights! – Не забывай о знаках!
like being in an airplane – напоминал самолет.
The sound of waves breaking on the store was growing louder – Звуки прибоя становились громче.
telling – узнать,
No one suggested doing anything. – Никто не говорил, что делать дальше.
she began groping with their feet – стояла изо всех сил,
buzzing – шепчут.
It’s worse than coming back and finding him dead. – Лучше бы мне знать, что он умер.
opening – отверстие,
saying – послышалось,
trying – учить,
without delivery – не успела,
knowing – запоминание,
looking - отправились,
talking of going to a party – речь шла о гостях,
on saying – заметил,
after changing – другим,
resting on – положил,
sleeping – лечь,
stop beating – не остановилась,
talking of archers – о стрелах,
for being able to shoot – научился стрелять,
walking – поехали,
there is no denying – спору нет,
there was no mistaking – были уверены,
saying – спросил,
without thinking –припомнить,
for not knowing – не помнить,
without knocking - не удариться,
climbing down – по ступеням,
began making tour – стали бежать
he had to keep on pretending-с трудом удержался
looking at-вытаращила глаза
without meaning-не трогать
talking again-вспоминать
vanishing-замечать
feeling-хватать
of finding-выходить
stepping out-оказываться
trying on sound-словно
by jeering-смеяться
getting-брать
of getting-попадать
going-перелетела
of being smooth-не ровняй
bringing-стукать
for keeping-позволять
there was nothing stirring-кругом ни движения
wondering-задал вопрос
before leaving-убежал
thinking-хотелось
bringing-в руках
hearing-разбирать
saying-молчали
on using-тереть
(19, 4 – 121; 20, 5 – 20; 22, 4 – 65; 21, 4 – 35).
One can see a big difference between the gerund and Russian equivalents. The thing is that the translator cannot find a direct way to render what C.S.Lewis meant by these gerunds. The translator should see the meaning of words between lines. There is no gerund in Russian and, maybe, it was case for the translator to say like that. But if the translator followed the grammar, the awkward translation would be.
The gerunds, which the translator couldn’t translate:
barging,
telling,
at believing,
dancing,
trying,
of getting,
from gong,
learning,
hearing,
struggling,
vibrating,
without warning,
seeing,
being,
wondering,
talking in,
from drinking,
being carried,
before going on,
from bringing,
of finding,
ringing,
for making,
shifting,
at finding,
of catching,
panting,
mistaking,
purling,
boo-hoeing ,
for keeping,
on remembering,
etching,
for shopping,
of coming,
on getting,
of sitting,
beginning,
on standing,
coming in,
eagling,
waiting,
groping
being
talking
leading
looking out
seeing
being
wondering
talking in
from drinking
being carried
before going on
from bringing
of finding
ringing
pushing
of feeling
wondering
blinking in
feeling
sobbing
jumping out
tapping
putting
pulling
nesting
forgetting
groping
driving
hanging down
flying up
champing
blowing
holding out
shining
of trying
looking at
rising
looking round
for getting
talking about
turning to
talking off
beginning to
minding
trailing round
stamping
pretending
stamping
stooping
about having
without noticing
including
holding
fishing
for caring
looking for
on thinking
of going
about being
keeping
crossing
saying
bounding back
of scrambling
puffing
panting
feeling
looking
running
trying
eating
drinking
passing
on doing
(19, 4 – 121; 20, 4 –77).
The translator has ignored these gerunds because she couldn’t reproduce Lewis’ idea and analogues of the English gerund in Russian.
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