Материалы II студенческой межфакультетсткой конференции первокурсников по биоорганической химии
Serotonin Saara Nena-Ndahekelekwa Imbili, group 26. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana
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- INDOLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINE
SerotoninSaara Nena-Ndahekelekwa Imbili, group 26. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana.Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (abbreviated to 5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the digestive tract, the central nervous system, blood platelets and the pineal gland (deep at the center of the brain).Which is about 80% of our body's total serotonin is in the gut, in the enterochromaffin cells - where it regulates intestinal movements, the rest is synthesized in the serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system. Serotonin's chemical formula is C10H12N2O. In 1948, Irvine Page, Arda Green and Maurice Rapport of the Cleveland Clinic discovered a substance in blood serum, a vasoconstrictor. As it was a serum agent that affected vascular tone, they called it serotonin (serum that gives tone). Serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, therefore serotonin that is used inside the brain must be produced within it. Serotonin's effects on a range of functions tend to be inhibitory, In other words, it reduces appetite, sexual behavior, and suppresses pain perception. According to researchers at Macalester College, the absence of serotonin has been associated with greater aggressive behavior. They say that serotonin levels have been correlated with higher levels of irritability, impulsivity, aggression, disordered eating, and sleeping problems. According to Bristol University serotonin is involved in: appetite, sleep, memory and also plays a role in learning and temperature. While Princeton University says’ serotonin is also known as a happiness hormone, because it contributes to feelings of well-being, behavior, muscle contraction, depression, cardiovascular function, endocrine regulation, regulating aging, bone metabolism and wound healing. In Conclusion, Scientists know that serotonin is involved in making people with depression feel sad, interpreting things such as whether an experience is good or bad, whether a person is looking at me with a happy face or a sad face, whether that person is angry or not, etc. this just underlines how vital and important serotonin is in a living organism. INDOLE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN MEDICINEShaakaa Tavershima, group 26. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana.The name indole is a portmanteau of the words indigo and oleum, since indole was first isolated by treatment of the indigo dye with oleum. Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. Compounds that contain an indole ring are called indoles. The amino acid tryptophan is an indole derivative and the precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin. USES OF INDOLE. The effect of the phytonutrient on the immune system has been researched and it was noted that indoles do offer certain benefits. Commonly present in high amounts in cruciferous vegetables, indole supplements are proposed to have anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties. Phytonutrients such as indole may exert such effects either by direct or indirect methods. Furthermore, many of the phytonutrients are shown to direct their actions by exerting a regulatory effect on the immune system. Regulation of the immune system while maintaining its function is considered quite essential in the control of many disorders.
INDOLES AND IT’S EFFECTS IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. The supplementation of indole in autoimmune disorders such as lupus may improve the survival rates of affected individuals. Autoimmune disorders are generally characterized by an abnormal increase in the activity of immune cells. The immune cells begin to attack healthy cells and cause the release of various chemicals that result in inflammation. This benefit was noted due to the suppression of the abnormal production of the B and T lymphocytes following the administration of indole supplements. Indole helped in regulating the production of these lymphocytes thereby reducing the inflammatory response. Furthermore, the expression of different chemicals that initiate the inflammatory changes in the cells and tissues was also reduced significantly. The administration of indole supplements may help individuals suffering from severe types of autoimmune disorders by reducing the severity of the symptoms and regulating the adverse effects of inflammation. These effects of the phytonutrients such as indole may help in the prevention of numerous disorders such as infections, autoimmune disorders and cancers. Indoles help to fight against other disorders like hypertension, diabetes and even breast cancer. They can naturally be found in vegetables like cabbage, spinach, and in many fruits like carrot, brussels sprouts, broccoli, bok choy, turnips and even pepper.
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