Научный потенциал XXI века
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| Cucurbita ficifolia and Lagenaria siceraria. They are resistant to low
temperature and well tolerate excess moisture in the soil. Adding some trace elements (MnS04 and ZnS04 by 0.25g per 10 liters of water) to the soil as fertilizing increases the cucumber's resistance to root rot and increases the yield [2]. Vaccination of cucumber hybrids on pumpkin is an effective control measure against rot of the stem and root. The use of vaccination of cucumber hybrids on pumpkin in such ways as in cleft, rapprochement with the tongue showed that the grafting in the cleft increased the number of nodes of the plant. Grafted plants had a larger diameter of hypocotyl. Grafting with tongues is the best way to ensure the highest percentage of plant survival. In this case, vaccination should be carried out when the rootstock is in the phase of cotyledon leaves, and Scion – in the phase of the first real sheet. Vaccination is used for reproduction of valuable plants and seeds. The main condition for successful grafting, the compatibility of the tissues of the Scion and rootstock, which provides the best and fast accretion. Through its rootstock provides the root system the Scion with nutrients. Scion nourishes the whole plant with organic substances that are produced in the leaves during photosynthesis. Thus, rootstock and Scion have a beneficial mutual influence on each other. The technology of vaccination in the lateral incision was developed in detail by S. P. Lebedev. The incision is made through the subfamily knee, slightly retreating from the cotyledon node between the cotyledon leaves, on the side opposite to the first real leaf. The cut should be to a cavity length of 1.5-2 cm growth Point and the first true leaf is removed. On cotyledonous knee of the Scion, cut the root from two opposite sides, cut a thin layer of the epidermis. Scion is inserted into the section of the stem of the stock. The connection point is fixed with special clips. The survival rate of such vaccination on the pumpkin is on average 75-80%. Care for vaccinated plants is the same as for conventional, but during irrigation, you can’t moisten the vaccination site with water for ten days after transplanting. There are different ways of grafting vegetables. Yurin O. V. (1966) described 6 methods of inoculation: inoculation in the lateral incision of the stem, in the tube, inoculation in the injection, in the cleft, rapprochement or ablactate, inoculation with pollinated flowers. The vaccine insert. Its technology is very close to that for the "Japanese method" on Solanaceae, only one cotyledon leaf is left on the rootstock for better survival ("90%). Also on pumpkin is allowed a small difference in the diameter of the stems. This method also requires a splicing chamber with strict control of temperature, humidity and light, so it is more suitable for farms with good equipment. Vaccination in the lateral incision is done through the subfamily knee, slightly retreating from the cotyledon node between the cotyledon leaves, on the side opposite to the first real leaf. The cut should be to a cavity length of 1.5-2 cm growth Point and the first true leaf is removed. On cotyledons’ knee of the Scion, cut the root from two opposite sides, cut a thin layer of the epidermis. Scion is inserted into the section of the stem of the stock. By grafting a rapprochement with the tab on the cotyledonous knee rootstock is cut with a length of 5-7 mm at the top down at a sharp angle, buried its no more than half the thickness of the stem. On the stem of the Scion, a similar incision is made, but from the bottom up. The tongues of the Scion and rootstock are inserted into the incisions, and place of vaccination recorded. Method of ablactation. There are two methods of vaccination. In the first method, which is called ablaktate (grafting convergence) is the following sequence of actions: On both plants are cut thin strips of skin on the stems of tomatoes. Then, connect the plants places the slices and wrapped the vaccination site with plastic wrap. A more powerful plant is left, a weaker one is removed above the vaccination (this method is used in industrial greenhouses). As a result of this method of vaccination, two roots will work on one stem, which will provide the young plant with additional nutrition. In conditions of cold latitudes and when grown in greenhouses, this method allows to obtain higher yields from smaller areas. The method of inoculation is used in industrial greenhouses in the mass application of vaccinations. In this case, the tops of the Scion are cut to a length of 5-6 cm Separately cut off the tops of the stock. Then each tip of the Scion is attached to the stock and secured with special clips [6]. The main elements of the technology of vaccines not be easy. Rootstock are planted 1-3 days earlier than the Scion. By the time of vaccination, their diameter should be the same. Vaccination is carried out at the age of 12-14 days. On the day of such a responsible operation, the audit of stunted plants is carried out; they are placed, but not watered, which protects against water ingress. Slices do at an angle of 45° and put on a clip. Then, at a similar angle, cut the Scion, which is connected to the stock and clamped with a clothespin. After that, another revision of the correctness of vaccination is carried out, the plants are sprayed with water and placed for 5-7 days in special tunnels with 100% humidity and protection from direct sunlight. After vaccination, the plants are sent to the splicing chamber. The process should take place in natural light with an air temperature of 24-26°C and a relative humidity of 90-96%. Every 3 hours it is necessary to check the condition of the plants. In order to avoid direct sunlight in the first days, an additional layer of film is used to shade the seedlings. If we talk about the phases of splicing, the first 3 days after grafting the seedlings do not grow. These days produce a culling of dead and weak plants. On day 4, the process of tissue fusion begins and fresh air is needed. On the 5-7 day, there is a complete fusion. During this period, particularly important is the circulation of fresh air and a gradual decrease in humidity. Further cultivation is continued in the seedling department. Hidden potential. What is the secret and what makes vegetable growers use grafted seedlings instead of the usual. Several reasons. First, the plants obtained in this way, have a high resistance to stress, whether it is disease, soil characteristics, specifics of agricultural technology, extreme temperature or other climatic factors. Secondly, due to the high resistance, these plants are suitable for a longer cycle of cultivation, and therefore obtain an additional crop. Thirdly, this technology is an alternative to the use of methyl bromide for soil disinfection. Another vaccination provides better use of soil moisture and fertilizers by plants due to a more developed root system, and has a positive effect on productivity with reusable re-cultivation of the crop at the same place. жүктеу/скачать 1.87 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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