Transport and Delivery Terms
Multimodal transport is widespread in shipping now. It involves a transfer
of the goods from one mode of transport to another. Traditionally, the ship’s rail
was considered the critical point of responsibility that is when all risks of loss or
damage are transferred from one party to the other. Now it is no longer the
ship’s rail but the port terminal which may be such a point. In sea port areas the
goods are put into containers, on pallets or aboard the ship. The main carrier
often prefers to assume through responsibility for the cargo he carries. In a
through movement of the goods, a combined transport document is issued
instead of a traditional bill of lading. Like a traditional bill of lading, it is a
receipt for the consignment. But instead of ports of shipment and discharge it
shows the place of delivery and receipt.
Packing and Marking
Packing goods for export is a highly specialised job. If the goods are
improperly packed and marked, the carrier will refuse to accept them, or make
qualifications about the unsatisfactory condition of packing in the bill of lading.
Packing can be external (crate, bag) and internal (box, packet), in which the
goods are sold. Marking should be in indelible paint with recognised kind of
marks.
Exercises
1. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the essential items of a contract?
2. How is quality determined in a contract?
3. What sort of price may be indicated in a contract?
4. What is a cheque?
5. Name two types of drafts.
6. What does the term “multimodal transport” mean?
7. What is regarded as the critical point now?
8. What document is issued in a through movement of the goods?
9. What kinds of packing do you know?
10. What are the requirements for marking the goods?
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