7. Write down the words you associate with the term “analytical chemistry”. Compare
your words with the words of your groupmates.
8. Make up the plan of the text A and summarize information.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words in bold?
TEXT B
TITRATION
Titration is the slow addition of one solution of a known concentration (called a
titrant) to a known volume of another solution of unknown concentration until the reaction
reaches neutralization, which is often indicated by a color change. The solution called the
titrant must satisfy the necessary requirements to be a primary or secondary standard. In a
broad sense, titration is a technique to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
For acid-base titrations, a pH indicator or pH meter is used in order to determine
whether neutralization has been reached and titration is complete. The information obtained
from the process of titration can then be inserted into the equation, M
i
V
i
=M
f
V
f
, to determine
the concentration of the unknown solution. M
i
and M
f
are the initial and final molarities, and
V
i
and V
f
are the initial and final volumes.
31
ANALYTICAL
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