Почвоведение и агрохимия
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Почвоведение и агрохимия, №4, 2020 activity of the mesofauna compared to or- dinary chernozems, which is because of a longer summer drying of the soil at high temperature and aeration. The greatest activity of mesofauna is observed in the upper layers, it decreases with depth. In the ordinary chernozems (black soils) the amount and group composition of the mesofauna is gradually decrease, while in dark brown soils, it is reduced sharply, this is due to the fact that dark brown soils are less rich in organic matter than cherno- zems, so the amount and group composi- tion of mesofauna in them is reduced. Here there are the same groups of soil invertebrates, as in the black earth, but in smaller quantities. Earthworms Lumbri- cus (80 species/m 2 ) as in the ordinary black soils occupy the dominant position. Subdominant positions are occupied by scarab Scarabeidae, Elateridae click bee- tles, Tenebrionidae darkling beetles. Among the larvae of Curculionidae weevils Sitona F. have a large number of weevils (12 species/m 2 ). The nature of soil invertebrates is influenced by the conditions of water, air and thermal regimes of soils, the reaction of the environment, the composition of de- composing organic residues, etc. Many groups of soil animals, as well as soil en- zymes reflect the accumulation of humus in the soil. We have noted a clear correla- tion between the humus content and the quantitative composition of soil mesofauna (table 1). Table 1 – Average humus content in the soil for 2018, the vineyards of Almaly, Aisulu Soil Samplingdepth, cm Humus content Dark brown 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 3,68 3,45 2,87 2,15 Table 1 shown that the total humus content of the distribution by the profile corresponds to each type and subtype of soil. In the studied dark brown soil, the highest humus content is 3.68 %. We have established that there is a clear correlation between the content of humus in the soil and the amount of soil invertebrates, which makes it possible to use data on the total composition of the mesofauna for the characteristics and this indicator. Table 2 – Humus content and abundance of mesofauna of dark brown soils, the vineyards of Almaly, Aisulu (2018) Soil type Humus, % The amount of soil invertebrates Total Amount of types to 1m 2 Dark brown 3,68-2,15 7 28 Table 2 shows the effect of the hu- mus content on soil mesofauna abundance. For example, on dark brown soil with hu- mus content in the upper layers 3.68 %, soil mesofauna abundance was 28 species/m 2 . Certain types of soil invertebrates and soil enzymes can be used as indicators of par- ticular physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the soil. Among the prop- erties of the soil which have a significant impact on the distribution of soil inverte- brates and enzymes, it is necessary to high- light their mechanical composition. Parti- cle sizes determine the porosity of the soil, its water and air permeability (on which its hydrothermal regime depends) and parti- cle connectivity, which determines the re- sistance to the laying of soil invertebrates. The studied soils are medium loam by their mechanical composition (table 3). |