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Practically all European countries are today working on the prob-
lem of automating relevant land records – first and foremost cadastres 
and land register. The main reason is not to achieve integration, but ra-
ther to make very important by-product. No country has yet achieved 
the complete automation of its cadastral/land registration systems. But 
this is merely a question of time. Sweden is probably the country 
which has come further in constructing an automated , on-line, inte-
grated system of cadastral, land registry, land taxation and population 
records. Most European countries are definitely on their way in the 
same direction. 
Another clear trend is the conversion of land-related information 
into spatial systems. The information must be precisely located in or-
der to be of greatest use. One method is made by geocoding. If the 
land unit is assigned coordinates in the natural grid, all land-related in-
formation can be spatially defined. The system used by Sweden, for 
example, introduces the co-ordinate of the central point of the land 
unit as well as the co-ordinate of the principle building – graphically 
determined – into the cadastral records. If in future all boundary points 
were determined graphically or numerically by coordinated, and the 
coordinates were inserted into the cadastral database, this would, of 
course, make possible a similar spatial determination of information. 
This is what is now happening in the most European countries. 
Starting with the most highly urbanized areas, the cadastral maps are 
increasingly being digitized. This is motivated mainly by the great op-
portunities it creates for using the same database for producing maps 
in different scales in a flexible way. At the same time the manual pro-
duction methods can be automated. This is a natural step in the age of 
automatic data processing. 
Digitization also renders a solution to the need, common to all Eu-
ropean countries, of integrating cadastral data with data on utilities. 
Utilities such as water, sewerage, electricity and telecommunication 
are becoming increasingly complex; demands for efficient mainte-
nance and management are increasing; and there is always danger that 
utilities will be damaged during different kinds of excavation. For 
these reasons, there is an obvious need for a total approach to the sur-
veying and recording of utilities. Utilities will be a natural element in 
the system of digitized, automated land information.
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