Пособие по английскому языку для студентов
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4. Прочтите и переведите следующий текст: Text 8A The UK "Cadastre" The word cadastre is generally used to describe "a methodically ar- ranged public inventory of data concerning properties, within a certain country or district, based upon a survey of their boundaries". There are numerous models for its use and implementation throughout Europe. Using the land parcel as its foundation, the cadastre is used to record information about land rights, valuation, land use, etc. There is no UK Cadastre – the word cadastre is not one commonly used in the UK, where for historical reasons the development of land administration institutions has taken place in a different way from the rest of Europe. While mapping remains the basis for those activities considered as "cadastral", in the UK there is no single organization re- sponsible for the cadastre. Ordnance Survey, as a national mapping agency, maintains large scale mapping for England, Scotland, and Wales. In Northern Ireland this is the responsibility of Ordnance Survey Northern Ireland. The detailed digital mapping maintained by these two Government Agen- cies provides the definitive framework upon which other organizations can "book" and manage their data. Another difference with most mainland European countries is that the base mapping in UK is topog- raphic – it shows features that exist on the ground but not the fixed boundary points and monuments usually associated with a cadastre. Ordnance survey has made Great Britain one of the few countries in the world to have a complete digital national topographic database. 78 It includes complete large scale data for all urban areas. Recently Ordnance Survey Northern Ireland has completed the UK picture with large scale digital data covering the entire province. Within Great Britain there is now widespread use of digital mapping across many user sectors, in one of the most developed markets in Europe. Over the last twelve months Ordnance Survey has embarked on a number of projects under the umbrella of a new "e-Business strategy", the vision of which is: "Ordnance Survey and its partners will be the content provider of choice for location based information in the new knowledge economy". As a part of its new e-Business strategy, Ord- nance Survey is developing its digital mapping products and services within a coherent infrastructure known as the Digital National Framework. A unique 16 digit topographic identifier is used for all points, lines, and areas, and provides a common link that will allow different data to reference the same feature allowing users to cross reference data in a way that should help to release the potential and value of their data. The Nation Land Information Service (NLIS) is a part of the UK Government "modernizing government" initiative. It is a project being jointly developed by HMLR and Local Government. It features pri- vate sector partners that provide access to a National Land and Prop- erty Gazeteer. In conclusion, while there is no cadastre in the United Kingdom the activities normally considered to be a part of the cadastre on conti- nental Europe are performed by a variety of agencies. Although the organizational frameworks are different, many of the issues facing UK institutions are similar to those faced by our colleagues involved in cadastre in other parts of Europe. There is a need to create co- ordination of efforts in a way described in the UK as "joined-up gov- ernment" in order to maximize the efficiency of effort and to provide the best value and service to the citizen. жүктеу/скачать 0.91 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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