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держание рассматриваемых в нем проблем: Text 8C Cadastre in Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe Between Scandinavian countries, Denmark has the system most similar to the Western European ones. Denmark has long had a com- prehensive cadastral map, covering the whole country and connected to a common reference system. Cadastral surveys for subdivisions, etc., are made by private surveyors. However, the records are kept, and the cadastral maps are maintained by a central government office in Copenhagen. The cadastre is closely integrated with the land regis- tration system, which is of the title registration type. The same close integration is also found in Sweden and Finland, which both have systems of title registration based on cadastral units. In these countries the cadastre has developed gradually from simple taxation records loosely linked to maps, to a comprehensive system with a high degree of reliability. In Sweden, the urban cadastres were linked with large scale maps at an early date. Later, a photo map in the scale of 1:10000, showing all land units in rural areas with their boun- daries, was established as a registration index map. In Sweden the cadastre has been further integrated with the land register through automation. One single agency, the Central Board for Real Estate Data, collects and transforms selected cadastral and land register information for automatic data processing. The regional ca- dastral and land registration offices are still responsible for data col- lection. They have on-line links with the Central Board, and are em- powered to change the records in case of subdivision, transfer of own- ership, etc. This Board is responsible for issuing all certificates as well as for all communications with other authorities using real-estate data. Duplication of effort is thereby avoided. The time needed to produce the legal documents and distribute them to those concerned has also been shortened substantially. The system is now operational in the greatest part of the country, and will be complete in about 5 years. 85 Norway has not previously had a proper cadastral system, relying instead on old tax records, only partially supported by maps. The country has, however, decided to establish an automated system pro- viding data on land units, addresses and buildings. Its main purpose is to provide information, not to serve as a legal basis for taxation, land registration, etc. Spain and Italy were also influenced by the Napoleonic cadastre, and adopted basically similar systems. However, they were only par- tially developed, and the Spanish system especially does not provide comprehensive, national coverage. The link between cadastre and land registration is weak. The two records are administered by different au- thorities, and the descriptions of the land in the land register do not always refer to the cadastral units. The link between cadastre and reg- ister is, therefore, not primarily the parcel designation, but rather the name of the owner. This is, of course, an obstacle to further integra- tion. The fiscal nature of the cadastres is more predominant in Southern than in Western Europe. As buildings are important objects for taxa- tion, Italy has established a modern building register as a part of the cadastre. Greece does not have a comprehensive, homogeneous, national ca- dastre, but the problem has been studied, and a governmental decision to establish a nationwide system appears forthcoming. жүктеу/скачать 0.91 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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