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Text 10D 
Eminent Domain Powers 
Eminent domain, in which the owner of the condemned property is 
provided "just compensation" for its taking is a police power for the 
public good. With that power, government takes private property 
through condemnation proceedings. Throughout the proceedings, the 
property owner has the right of due process. 
Every state has a statute, or statutes, establishing how the eminent 
domain power may be exercised at the local level. State procedures 
vary widely, however, in some states, the government is required to 
negotiate with the property owner before instituting eminent domain 
proceedings. In other states, the government may institute proceedings 
without prior notice. The power of eminent domain is not limited to 
states, cities, and political bodies. In many states, public utilities and 
even pipeline companies have the power to expropriate private prop-
erty. 
Traditionally, eminent domain has been used to facilitate transpor-
tation and the provision of water and other utilities; however, it has 
been used to establish public parks, preserve places of historic interest, 
and promote beautification. Municipalities - often through their eco-
nomic development or redevelopment entities - can also employ emi-
nent domain to "retake" blighted property for urban revitalization. 
Eminent domain has been critical to municipalities' revitalization 
efforts, but these efforts have also generated some of its most vehe-
ment criticism. Property owners protest the taking of their land for 
many reasons. Some of them complain about insufficient compensa-
tion. Others protest that condemned parcels may not actually be 
blighted, or that a taking was not for economic development but sim-
ply a transfer of property rights between private landholders for the 
sole purpose of benefiting the new landholder. 
In reviewing recent eminent domain court cases, it is found that it 
remains unclear whether the cases reflect new resistance to the process 
or simply the need for legal clarification. All sides must keep in mind 
that a public purpose must be demonstrated. 
It should be noted that the use of eminent domain in property con-
demnation remains a widely practiced and viable means of land acqui-
sition for a number of public-use purposes. 
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