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17. Прочтите текст 11С и раскройте содержание рас-
сматриваемых в нем проблем: 
Text 11C 
The Layout and Construction of Avenues and Boulevards 
It must be borne in mind that all objects in the street, utilitarian or 
otherwise are things to be seen, part of an organic whole, each having 
its respective part or place. 
Long straights avenues, with buildings of approximately the same 
height and no object to break the horizon should be avoided. If natural 
scenic effect cannot be obtained, then provision should be made for 
some architectural feature to break the skyline. By careful planning it 
can generally be arranged to place a church, a public building, or artis-
tically designed residence to break the monotony of long streets. 
In planning out the width of main roads it is difficult to estimate 
what the future will demand, but in any case it will be better to err on 
the wide side rather than the narrow. 
The main avenues should be laid out with 12 feet sidewalks, slow 
traffic carriageways next sidewalks and boulevards on either side of a 
centre carriageway for fast traffic and tramways. The secondary busi-
ness avenues should have sidewalks of a minimum width of 10 feet 
with a centre boulevard with wide grass margins, so that the actual 
paved carriageway can be widened as the business of the city extends. 
In main and secondary business thoroughfares provision should be 
made for laying all sewer, water, electric and other mains in under-
ground conduits of sufficient size to allow of proper inspection at all 
times. 
117


The residential avenues can be so formed that the sidewalks have a 
boulevard on either side, which will provide space for pedestrians in 
the hot weather. 
Railways, usually an ugly feature of every city should be made less 
objectionable by boulevarding. 


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