10. Define the purposes of using quotations in the following sentences:
a. support for an argument or point of view
b. exemplification of the point being made
c. introduction of a point or viewpoint
d. explanation of a point, item, etc
1. According to G. Cook, there are ‘two approaches to language: sentence linguistics and discourse analysis’
(Cook 1999: 12).
2. For example, they argue that ‘ learning strategies have to be learned in exactly the same way as other complex
cognitive skills’ (O’Malley, Chamot 1990: 52).
3. Thus, in contrast to American structuralist views on language, language was viewed as purposeful activity re-
lated to goals and situations in the real world. “The language which a person originates … is always expressed for a
purpose” (Frisby 1957: 16).
4. R. Anderson explains that ‘the move from declarative to procedural knowledge takes place in three stages: 1)
the cognitive stage; 2) the associative stage; 3) the autonomous stage’ (Anderson 1985: 232).
References and bibliographies
References, at the end of research report, for example, are arranged in alphabetical order (A-Z) of the author's sur-
name or . If more than one reference is given by the same author, then the earlier dated reference will appear first. If
two or more references by the same author appear in the same year, they will be labelled in sequence with letters (a, b,
c, etc.) after the year. References to one author are normally listed before those of joint authorship of the same author.
There are differences between references to books and references to journals.
Table 4.1. Bibliographic details required
Book Journal
Author(s) – surname, first
name initials
Author(s) – surname, first name initials
Year of publication (in
brackets)
Year of publication (in brackets)
Title and subtitle of book
(underlined or in italics)
Title of article
Edition
Title of journal (underlined or in italics)
Place of publication
Volume
Publisher Part/
issue
Page numbers (preceded by ‘p.’ for page or
‘pp.’ for pages)
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |
