Тяжелые металлы в окружающей среде
Fig. 1. Agricultural areas in the Republic of Macedonia
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Fig. 1. Agricultural areas in the Republic of Macedonia. I.2. Mining industry in Macedonia Macedonia hosts mineral deposits containing copper, iron, lead, lignite, zinc, and other minerals. Country produces a number of metals, including copper, ferroalloys, and steel. Other mineral commodities produced in the country included bentonite, feldspar, gypsum, lignite, lime, and sand and gravel.The mining and quarrying sector had 4,146 employees in 2013. The mining and quarrying sector and the manufacturing sector accounted for about 0.9% and 21.5% of the country‘s total employment (Republic of Macedonia …, 2014). In 2013, the value of Macedonia‘s exported goods amounted to $4.27 billion; leading mineral-related products included ferronickel (valued at $337 million, or 7.9% of the country‘s total exports), flat-rolled iron and crude steel ($220 million, or 5.2%), ferrosilicon ($87 million, or 2.0%), lead ores and concentrates ($76 million, or 1.8%), copper ores and concentrates ($65 million, or 1.5%), zinc ores and concentrates ($29 million, or 0.7%), and marble and other monumental or building stones ($19 million, or 0.5%). There are new initiatives for opening of new mines, which provoke a tensive debate in the wider publicity. Namely, in the South-East part of the country was prepared feasibility study for opening two new mines Kazandol andIlovica. Based on the possible risks for contamination, NGO sector and municipalities organized referendum to stop the further activities in this regard.The main conflict point is the fact that with the proposed technology there will be a risk for contamination of underground water capacities and agricultural areas. 116 117 Countries (Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina), accounting for approximately 82.3 percent of the total exports. The main export products from Macedonia are fresh and pro- cessed vegetables and fruits (34.8 percent of total agricultural exports), tobacco (24 percent), grains (13.5 percent), and beverages (12 percent). The main import products are meat (beef, poultry, and pork accounted for 20 percent of total agriculture imports), fruits and vegetables, grains, coffee, tea, and spices. As in many Western Balkan countries, almost half the population lives in rural areas. Offi- cially, almost one fifth of the working force is employed in agriculture. Agriculture has always served as a shock absorber for the socio economic and structural changes in industry and other sec- tors of the economy. The agro-food processing industry has always played an important role in the Republic of Macedonia (Fig. 1). жүктеу/скачать 6.49 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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