Ancient Greek Mathematics
Ancient Greek mathematics achieves the full flower of intellectual development on an equal par with modern levels. They brought the full flower of geometry as an axiomatic system. They also seem to have created the basis of logical argument and the axiomatic method. Many of the results from Greek mathematics are advanced mathematical topics still today. As well, most mathematicians haven't a glimmer of its depth. While everyone has heard of Euclid, few know that the famous Elements was a compendium of plane geometry, number theory, and solid geometry. From this work of thirteen books, just the first two are studied in high school.
Islamic Mathematics and Mathematicians
The first inheritors of the Greek mathematical heritage were the Arabs. Though they initially rejected every single aspect of the works of the peoples they conquered, they soon embraced the whole Greek world of knowledge. Without any direct instruction, they learned the ancient mathematics and in many areas improved it. Islamic mathematicians mostly engaged in numbers and algebra. Yet trigonometry and computation of tables cannot be omitted.
Comprehension
I. Give full answers to the questions in the pre-reading exercise.
II. Translate the following phrases into English:
Нужды человечества; первобытное племя; счет; углубленное исследование; математическое доказательство; решать нелинейное уравнение; вычислять корень квадратный из двух; достигнуть полного расцвета интеллектуального развития; перспективные (актуальные) математические вопросы; геометрия плоскости; стереометрия; математическое наследие древней Греции; перенять знания и улучшить их.
TEXT II
Key words:
еrode – разрушаться, обесцениваться
mercantile – торговый,
formidable – огромный, значительный
sustain – поддерживать
unhampered – свободный (от)
prohibition – запрет
imprint – оставлять след
profound – основательный, значительный
unfetter – снимать оковы, освобождать
infinitesimal – бесконечно малая величина
implication – значение, последствие
polynomial – многочлен
accomplish – выполнить
predecessor – предшественник
ascent – восхождение, подъем
thrive – процветать
boost – стремительный подъем
overwhelming majority – подавляющее большинство
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