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| c) Archaic Words.
The word stock of a language is in an increasing state of change. Words Change their meaning and sometimes drop out of the language altogether. New words spring up and replace the old ones. Some words stay in the language a very long time becoming richer polysemantically. Other words live but a short time and are like bubbles on the surface of water—they disappear leaving no trace of their existence. We shall distinguish three stages in the aging process of words; The beginning of the aging process when the word becomes rarely used. Such words are called obsolescent, they are in the stage of gradually passing out of general use. To this category first of all belong morphological forms belonging to the earlier stages in the development of the language. In the English language these are the pronouns thou and its forms thee, thy and thine; the corresponding verbal ending –est and the verb-forms: art, wilt (thou makest, thou wilt); the ending –(e)th instead of –(e)s (he maketh) and the pronoun ye. The second group of archaic words are those that have already gone completely out of use but are still recognized by the English speaking community; e.g. methinks (=it seems to me), nay (=not). These words are called obsolete. The third group, which may be called archaic proper, are words which are no longer recognizable in modern English, words that were in use in Old English and which have either dropped out of the language entirely or have changed in their appearance so much that they have become unrecognizable, e.g., troth (=faith); a losel (=a worthless, lazy fellow). The border between groups is not distinct. In fact they interpenetrate. The main stylistic function of archaisms is to recreate the atmosphere of antiquity. Not seldom though archaisms occurring in otherwise inappropriate surroundings are intentionally used by the writer to cause humorous effect. Archaic words are used in the creation of a realistic background to historical novels. Historical words are also archaic, but they have no synonyms, whereas archaic words have been replaced by modern synonyms. Walter Scott was a master in the creation of an historical atmosphere. жүктеу/скачать 0.64 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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