The concept of the lexico-semantic field in linguistics

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“Young Scientist” . # 23 (313) . June 2020
Philology, linguistics
Philology, linguistics
T
he problem of lexical-semantic field is put theoretical 
researches of fundamental linguistic concepts. This problem 
it is in the river-bed of major researches, because lexico-semantic 
the field is totality of lexemes designating the defined notion 
in wide sense of this word — on modern presentations of 
philologistsplugs in the composition of word of different parts 
of speech; with assumption.
Including phraseological units and lexical materials of 
different forms of existence national language, not only literary 
but also common speech, dialects, jargons, with an address to 
historical lexical materials at orientations on diachronic research.
Lexico-semantic field characterized by the row of signs of 
the system as in a synchronous plan (semantic correlativeness 
of lexemes, “dividing” the field between itself, presence of 
hyponyms and heteronyms), so in a genetic-diachronic plan. [1]
Aim of this article — to analyse and creatively generalize 
existent points of view on the lexico-semantic field. The lexical 
level of language is organized by difficult correlations lexico-
emantic fields of both contiguous and intersecting.
Compare the fields “knowledge”, “study”, “benefit”, 
“inlightening”, “mind”, “progress”, “elimination”, “creation”. 
Lexico-semantic field — a concept is very capacious. In him 
the main problems of lexicology cross are problems of synonyms, 
antonymies, polysemies, problem of correlation of word and 
concept.
Decision tasks related to the semantic fields in a vocabulary, 
allows newly to light up enumerated. [2]
The concept of the semantic field got large distribution, 
number concrete researches grows constantly, in a theory the 
fields are brought in additions and clarifications. The field 
theory all anymore contacts with certain by the classification 
system of dictionary composition that is dismembered on well-
organized on attitude toward each other large and small groups.
The concept of the semantic field (S. F) behaves to the basic 
concepts modern lexical semantics.
This determination concentrates in to itself main problems 
of lexical semantics and determines their consideration with 
positions of approach of the systems. There are different types 
of relation at description of the field interword analysed not 
isolated, and in the general system all lexico-semantic. By the 
major component component of the lexico-semantic field there 
are lexico-semantic groups of words. It is possible to suppose 
that areas of the semantic fields are lexico-semantic groups 
(LSG), then there is the semantic field is a family concept in 
relation to LSG. L. M. Vasilyev considers that by a “term lexico-
semantic group it is possible to designate any semantic class 
of the words (lexemes) incorporated even one general lexical 
paradigm семой or even one general by a semantic multiplier” 
[3]
With the meaning of age in the Russian language form a 
lexical-semantic field age, which can be considered in various 
aspects, e. g., formal, functional, semantic. Word meaning age 
undergoing constant development and changes in language.The 
result of semantic development of words with the designation of 
ages is the existence in the language of their direct, portable and 
symbolic values, which are widely used by philosophers, writers 
and poets in various types of artistic creativity. An important 
role plays selection of words with the designation of age and 
use, as the functioning of words denoting age, in the work 
reflects the uniqueness of the style of the author, his creative 
individuality and uniqueness of vision of the world, therefore 
the study of age-related vision of the world of writers is of great 
interest. Semantic field is the most voluminous onomasiological 
and semantic grouping of words. A semantic field represents 
the hierarchical organization of words, which are United by 
one generic value and is in the language a certain semantic 
field. Onomasiologische property of the semantic field is that 
at its core is a generic seme, or hypersemia, which denotes a 
class of objects.
Semasiologically the characteristic of the field is that the 
members of the field relate to each other by integral-differential 
characteristics in their values that allows them, according to 
E. I. Dibrova, to unite and to distinguish between within the 
same fields. [4, 11]
The actual semantic structure of the field includes the 
following parts:
1) core field represented by the family of SEMA, or 
hypersemia.
Hypersemia field is the semantic component of a higher 
order, which organizes itself around the deployment of semantic 
fields;
2) the midfield is composed of units with integrated common 
core and adjacent units value;
3) periphery includes units, the most remote of its value 
from the kernel, a common generic concept here pushed 
into the category of potential or probabilistic semantics. The 
peripheral units can have a contextual value if the field is built 
on a particular text of a work. Usually the peripheral field units 
come in contact with other semantic fields, forming a lexical-
semantic continuity of the language system. Most fully the 
properties of lexical-semantic fields are considered I. I. Chumak:
1. The semantic field is formed by the set of values that 
have at least one common component, a common semantic 
feature. This component, usually expressed as argillaceous, or 
giperglikemii, in essence, represents the lexeme with the most 
generalized value.
2. In the lexico-semantic field is highlighted in the 
microfield — semantic associations, the members of which 
are connected integral sign, we Express usually the dominant 
feature of microfield, or nuclear lexeme. The external structure 
of the microfield is the core and a few areas, some of which may 
be located in close proximity to the nucleus (near periphery), 
and others on the periphery of the microfield (far periphery).
3. The internal structure of the field is understood as a set of 
correlations linking semantic units.
4. For the field characteristic vzaimozavisimost elements, 
acting sometimes in the form of the interchangeability of these 
elements.
5. Lexical-semantic fields are not isolated from each other. 
Every word of the language included in a particular lexico-

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