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UDC 811.11-112
THE VARIETY OF GENDER LINGUISTICS IN ENGLISH, GERMAN, RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH PROVERBS
Seidrakhman A. - student of the group
ЮМ 21 1к5
Tursynova G.I. – senior teacher
The concept “gender” was appeared first by Robert Stoller, American psychoanalyst in 1968, the scientist used this word
in his work “Sex and gender”. The gender relation is a relation between men and women in the society. The
relation between
men and women is an important factor in social development because they compose two large social demographic groups. The
character of their relation is a reason and effect of many economic, cultural and social, political, spiritual life in the society. That
is why it is very important to investigate this relationship.
Most of the people have misconception that the terms “gender” and “sex” both convey the same meaning. However,
these two terms are quite separate from each other. Sex is a term that is used to describe the difference between male and female
in biological respect. Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.
Gender is something, which is not at all depended on biological aspects; rather it is the masculine or feminine characteristic that
has been developed as an impact of the social, cultural norms and affiliations. It is very important to remember that a person
develops this particular behavior due to the society he or she is living in and this behavior is completely alterable by the will of
the person.
Phraseological fund of any language represent very interesting and factful material for gender researches as it reflects
many aspects of people’s life: history, national consciousness, morals, values, preferences, relations and the way of life. It is
essential to point out that research on proverbs has not only been carried out within phraseology, but also in other scholarly
branches. Thus in the field of paremiology (paremia = proverb), the scholarly field that deals with proverbs, much
research has
been conducted over the centuries. Moreover, in comparison to phraseology, paremiology
has a far longer tradition. Paremiology
mainly deals with collecting and classifying proverbs as well as tracing the nature and origin of individual proverbs and
investigating their socio-historical significance.
In the history of studying proverbs and sayings there were attempts to find distinctive features. Proverb is always
statement, containing some specified conclusions. Proverbs are popular wisdom, code of rules of life, practical philosophy, and
historical memory. A saying is a short, clever expression that usually contains advice or expresses some obvious truth. Proverbs
and sayings represent special interest for researches in the field of linguistic genderology, as they embody «cultural-national
outlook» of every nation.
Having analyzed the fund of proverbs and sayings with the gender components in three languages we revealed the
following tendency: the considerable number of paremias is devoted to women and most of them contain negative connotation of
female representatives.
The common thing in the languages of analyzed cultures is stereotypic opinion about low mental abilities of a woman.
Əйелдің шашы ұзын, ақылы қысқа. In the English and Russian languages there are number of equivalents, confirming
similarity of such estimation of a woman: Women are the devil’s nets,
Куда чёрт не поспеет, туда бабу пошлёт. The attitude
towards woman in Russian and English cultures is different. In Russia a woman is not considered as a person:
Кобыла не
лошадь, баба не человек. As for Englishmen a woman is a secret: Woman is the key to life’s mystery.
Appearance is not the main thing. It is not the most important condition for being beautiful. It is much more important for
a woman to be a good mistress, to be kind, careful and quick-witted.
Красота приглядится, а щи не прихлебаются. Не ищи
красоты, ищи доброты!
Қыз қылығымен жағады.
The distinctive feature of Kazakh in comparison with the Russian and English languages is that there are proverbs
characterizing men. All of them convey positive characteristics and they are about resoluteness, courage, superiority,
straightforwardness:
Тура ағаш үйге тірек, тура жігіт елге тірек, Ауыр жүкті нар көтерер, ел жүгін ер көтерер,
Батыр
жігіт жол бастар, ақін жігіт той баста.
There are different relations of men and women in communication: There is more expressive, stylistic methods in man’s
speech than in woman’s, for example
: «Ақтан ұрттағанға қалай қарайсың?»; Primitive
speech is peculiar to a man; Rude words
can be used according to a certain situation in the process of man’s communication; Superlative expression (hyperbole) is
peculiar to women’s speech, for example
: «Дем алар ауа жоқ! Айтып жеткізу мүмкін емес!»; Women’s speech is more
emotional then men’s, for example: «Қорыққаннан жүрегім жарыла жаздады!».
The gender side of Kazakh and German proverbs In Kazakh nation a man is a family man, the host of the house but a
woman is responsible for all works in the house: «Жаман әйел жақсы еркектің төрдегі басын көрге сүйрейді»; «Ердің атын
не аты шығарар, не жары шығарар»; «Жақсы қыз біреу келсе есік ашар, Жаман қыз біреу келсе төрге қашар». In German
proverbs we can see the cultural-social role in the family: «Haus ohne Frau, Haus ohne Staat» -
«Әйелсіз үй сусыз диірмен»;
«Das Weib und der Ofen sollen zu Hause bleiben» –
«Әйелдің орны отбасы, ошақ қасы». In Kazakh nation the most limits for
women are noticed in the following proverbs: «Жігітке отыз үйден, қызға қырық үйден тыйым»; «Қызды
қартша сына,
атты жігітше сына». In German some proverbs have similar meanings: «Frauen und Öfen bleiben zu Hause»; «Frauen und
Katzen ins Haus».
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In Kazakh proverbs the concept “woman” in Kazakh mentality is that the role of a woman is lower than a man, she is
dependent. The following Kazakh proverbs are the evidence:
“
Астыңдағы атыңа, Қойныңдағы қатыныңа сенбе”;
“
Бұлттан шыққан күн ащы, Жаман қатынның тілі ащы”.
In German proverbs we can see that the role of a woman is lower than a man as well:
«Langes Haar, kurzer Sinn» -
«Əйелдің шашы ұзын, ақылы қысқа»; “Frauen haben so viel Verstand wie es Fleisch an einem Hühnerbein gibt” – “Байтал
шауып, бәйге алмас”.
Discussing the gender side of proverbs we investigate positive and negative characteristics of the meanings of proverbs:
«Bei den Weiber ist des Schwatzens hohe Schule» -
«Жақсы әйелдің қолы ұзын, жаман әйелдің тілі ұзын».
Ethno linguistically we notice the source of human values in German proverbs:
«Ағашы қандай болса, жемісі сондай,
шешесі қандай болса, қызы сондай» - «Wie der Baum, so ist die Birne, wie die Frau, so die Dirne».
According to the result of analysis of three languages it is possible to make the following conclusion:
in the Kazakh
linguistic worldview the concepts "woman" and "man" are presented in their quantitative ratio more widely than in the English
and Russian languages. The greatest number of proverbs is proverbs reflecting social characteristics. Possible explaining of the
given fact can consist in the fact that in Kazakh culture relationship are closely supported that is expressed by nominative density
of terms of relationship: brother, daughter-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, parents
and etc.
According to the above mentioned research we observe language androcentrism. It means that the
majority of paremias
reflect male point of view and domination of men. The image of women is not always negative. We can rather say about a
tendency, than a negative attitude. But a certain degree of androcentrism takes place.
Studying gender relations is one of the ways of understanding of social changes in society. And linguistics and its
language structure are more clearly show the state of consciousness of society.
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: