Английский язык: english for masters of chemistry
alkanes, and also cycloalkanes
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- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Alkenes
- aromatic compounds
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Alcohols
| alkanes, and also cycloalkanes. Alkanes can be subdivided into three groups. An alkane is
also called saturated hydrocarbon because the compound has only single bonds between the atoms. Alkanes that have a ring or cyclic structure are called cyclic alkanes, while those that are without are called acyclic. General formula: C n H 2n+2 , n>2. Alkenes area class of hydrocarbons that contain only carbon and hydrogens. They are unsaturated compounds that contain at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond. Another term that is often used to describe alkenes is olefins. Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-carbon triple bonds. They are written in the empirical formula of C n H 2n-2 . They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Benzene is one of the best-known aromatic compounds as it is one of the simplest and most stable aromatics. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain conjugated double bonds. This means that every carbon atom in the ring is sp 2 hybridized, allowing for added stability. The most important example is benzene, the structure of which was formulated by Kekulé who first proposed the delocalization or resonance principle for explaining its structure. 44 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY _________________________ _________________________ ___________ ________________________ ________________________ _______ ____________________________ ____________________________ _________ _________________________ _________________________ ___________ Alcohols are molecules containing the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) that is bonded to carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl. The hydroxyl functional group strongly contributes to the physical properties of alcohols. Compounds in which a hydroxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring are called phenols. The chemical behavior of phenols is different in some respects from that of the alcohols, so it is sensible to treat them as a similar but characteristically distinct group. Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an oxygen between two alkyl groups. They have the formula R-O-R', with R's being the alkyl groups. these compounds are used in dye, perfumes, oils, waxes and industrial use. Ethers are treated as alkanes and are named as alkoxyalkanes. жүктеу/скачать 4.51 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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