Қазақстан республикасының Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі
participantsofcommunication
жүктеу/скачать 379 Kb.
|
participantsofcommunication; functions and social roles of participants in a situation; socialcharacteristics (sex, age); individual characteristics (character, interests, purposes); conventions (laws, rules, habits); communicative situation: overall objectives of communicative interaction; global referential context (presence of people, objects). To understand the socio-cognitive concept of discourse it is necessary to distinguish the concepts "context", "contextual model", "situation". According to T. Van Dijk, by context it is meant not such social variables as gender and age characteristics, but special mental models which are called contextual models. Contextual models are treated as "a missing link" between communicative situation, discourse and public processes from sociolinguistic and cognitive perspectives. Contextual models include categories characteristic of this or that culture, and universal data (participants, existential model, the purposes, actions) without which the social interaction between participants of communication would be impossible [73, p.133-155]. Thus, the speech behavior of communicants depends on a concrete situation: possible actions and texts are limited to certain parameters of a situation [68, p.153-212]. In other words, the communicant can make successfully the speech act only when the socio-cultural context meets requirements of this speech act. Some scholars consider business discourse in the light of a certain context. So, the Russian linguist Yu.V.Danyushina defines communication as a complex process of exchange of information, emotions, and influences, and considers corporate communication as a communication in the business sphere, a communication in a corporate context, i.e. under the conditions of conducting business activity [60: 486]. Nowadays, within the scope of cognitive paradigm the scholars tend to point out the theory of cognitive pragmatics [74, 75], [76]. The main goal of this theory is to explain the conditions of an effective the speech act, based on studying the relationship between a situational context of speech communication and cognitive structures of communicants. In this case, the notion of situational model allows us to understand not only ideas of stereotypic sequences of events (as in scripts and frames), but also personal knowledge which people possess in relation to a certain situation. This knowledge should be understood as result of the previous experience which is saved up in collisions with such situations [67, p.153-212.]. As it follows from the above considerations, activation of the speech act scheme provides a better interpretation of any text and illocutionary force of the speech acts entering it taking into account both situational and communicative context. In this regard it is impossible to understand adequately the speech act separately as it is noted in the works by J. L. Austen and J. R. Searle but only in a text and extra linguistic context, i.e. in a discourse. It is also necessary to note that essential difference of the concept under discussion is the understanding of a discourse as a main object of pragmatic research that in earlier works on pragmatics of language and the theory of speech acts was absent. According to N. Fаircоugh, the discourse presents an integral part of the public relations, since, on the one hand, it forms these relations, and on the other hand, it is formed by them [77, p.259]-[80]. Therefore, the discourse as interaction of social groups and individuals has to be studied in the context of social structures and the culture which includes values and mentality of society [34, p.5-20.]. Proceeding from it, a discourse, being social action, reflects a condition of society and culture [43, p. 47-59.]. In recent years, the scientists (T.A. Van Dijk, Y. Zhu, O.K. Iriskhanova, P. M. Dainieko, I.V. Zhukov, A.V. Rudenko) have displayed special interest in this relatively new trend of linguistics, developing fundamentals of socio-cognitive methodology of discourse study. It assumes the selection and the analysis of oral, written, electronic texts of professional communication in various languages with the attraction of such basic concepts of sociolinguistics, pragmatics and cognitive sciences, as a stereotype, the social status, the social power, values, communicative strategy, cognitive model, cultural model, socio-cultural model, mental space, presupposition, etc. Therefore, while raising the question of socio-cognitive features of a business discourse, it is necessary to recognize that effective business communication is possible only in the case of community of individual cognitive and social spaces of business partners. Their semantic building is carried out by means of elements of "subjective and variable zones of cognitive spaces" [81, p.8-21], [82]. T.A. Shiryaeva states that the cognitive (thesaurus) level of the organization of the linguistic "business" personality goes back not to semantics, but to knowledge structures. Successful implementation of business communication requires mastering both language system and conceptual system which includes representations, skills, values and norms of special and ordinary socio-cultural areas, as well as knowledge of norms and rules of communication. Such knowledge accumulates into a global frame of an institutional business discourse on the basis of formation of the corresponding institutional frames and tends to be structured by means of specially selected texts containing frame presupposition. On the basis of mastering the elements of semiotic code the members of business society realize specificity of a conceptual picture of the business world which is realized in the thesaurus of the language personality participating in professional business communication. Communication in business community is a transfer of necessary information, professional and encyclopedic knowledge in the course of business communication which assumes, first of all, the systematicity of knowledge of the world and understanding of this knowledge in business communication. This fact forms the basis for institutional frames of an institutional business discourse, those internal psychological structures which develop in life and training in the mind of a person and in which the world picture of business community and a person is widely presented [60, p.50]. Thus, the study of business discourse, undoubtedly, demands the appeal to extra linguistic factors, and also takes into account cognitive, cultural and social interpretations. Since both cultural and social parameters have a significant impact on speech activity by means of cognitive system of the business communicant [13, p.126-139], [14]. Cultural values in different language groups form the conceptual world picture inherent in each language, the use of socio-cognitive approach to the analysis of business discourse is viewed as the most acceptable and effective. жүктеу/скачать 379 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|