Ғ. Н.Қисметова Ағылшын тілі грамматикасы
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| World Bank Group
In 1954, an International Finance Corporation was .tablished to supplement the World Bank by participating in juity financing in member countries, and in 1960, a third rganization, the International Development Association DA), was created. These three organizations constitute the /orld Bank Group. The IDA has the same officers and staff s the World Bank, but its separate charter enables it to offer Dans to low-income member countries repayable at 0.75 tercent interest over 50 years (including 10 years' grace). Soft or concessionary assistance is made possible by ;ontributions to (replenishments of) the IDA by the governments of high-income (industrial) countries. The management of the World Bank Group is thus enabled to offer rates of interest and loan maturities which take into account the nature of the projects financed and the presumed ability of borrowing governments to service their debt. The initial capitalization of IDA for the 5 years 1960 to 1964 was less than $1 billion in hard currencies. By 1992, the ninth replenishment for 3 years will be over $11 billion. Today, the World Bank Group is a far cry from what it was when the World Bank began in 46 under President Eugene Meyer—with three floors of rented office space at 1818 H Street NW and a few dozen employees. Even in the final days of the presidency of George Woods, in 1968, the group had fewer than 1500 employees and four buildings. As of 119 August 31,1991, however, on the eve of the accession to the presidency of Lewis Preston, former chairman of the board of J- P. Morgan & Co., the Worid Bank Group had 3 senior vice presidents, 14 vice presidents, and 6500 employees scattered through 18 separate buildings in" Washington, D.C.; 2 large offices in Paris and Tokyo; and 50 regional offices. The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of capital to the poorer countries of the world, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge o f Third World problems has increased enormously. Still, the record o f growth is spotty. In much of East Asia, per capita income is rising rapidly, but in Africa south of the Sahara, in South Asia, and in much of Latin America, the growth of per capita income has been discouragingly slow. жүктеу/скачать 3.76 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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