Note:
We can use Passive Forms of the Infinitive (be + V3) after modal verbs and a number of other verbs (for example: have to, be going to, want to, seem to, appear to). Read the following examples:
The ability of a wing to develop lift can be greatlydecreased even by a small amount of ice or coarse frost on it.
Aircraft must be properly de-iced before take-off.
Pilots should be equipped with a special ice detector in order to leave icy areas they have flown into.
The use of personal electronic devices and calculators may be prohibited
when an aircraft is below 10,000 feet, taking off, or landing.
The elevator appears to be seriously damaged.
Ex. 3. In the two texts about "Gottröra Crash" on pp. 21 and 26 there are some passive verb forms (twelve in the first one and six in the other). Find them. Ex. 4. Change from the active into the passive.
Clear ice can alter dramatically the aerodynamic shape of airfoils.
Sharp components of the aircraft, such as their leading edges, fins, aerials, gather ice more readily than blunt components.
Pilots should conduct a careful preflight inspection of the aircraft to ensure that there is no ice or frost on its surfaces before take-off.
Ground staff use special equipment to spray de-icing fluids on the wing.
Thanks to aviation you can pass over great distances in a matter of minutes.
The aviation community cannot ignore the environmental problems caused by aircraft operation.
Most airlines train their crews to deal with emergency situations.
Airport authorities must keep the maneuvering areas clear of debris.
The crash-landing disrupted the aerodrome operation for 24 hours.
Ground vehicles may sometimes damage aircraft.
Airlines should fire the pilots for being intoxicated while performing their duties.
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