Химия растительного сырья

The convenient method of the solid-phase synthesis of lupinine salts with the series of E-3-alkoxy-4-acyloxyphenylmethylen(3- or 4-carboxyphenyl)amines was developed. The structure of the synthesized salts was confirmed by the data of IR, UV and ¹H NMR spectra.

Natural antioxidants combined efficiently and little toxically are apply for cure different diseases. Chloroformic fraction from the extract of the upper part of F. ulmaria received with 70% ethanolum showed expressed antioxidant activity.

The aim of this work is investigation chemical composition of chloroformic fraction from F.ulmaria. From fraction are separated 4-methoxybenzoic, oleanolic and ursolic acids. 14 compounds have identification with the help of GLC – MS spectrometry: hexanal, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4,4,7а-trimethyl-5,6,7,7а-tetrahydro-2(4Н)-benzofuranone, diethylphtalate, 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, bis-(2-methylpropyl)-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-heptadecanone, methyl ester of 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid, butyloctyl ester of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-nonadecanone, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl ester of benzeneacetic acid, diisooctyl ester of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid.

Wherefore, aromatic carboxylic acids, phenolic and triterpene compounds may be cause of expressed antioxidant activity of chloroformic fraction from F.ulmaria.

It was organized qualitative and quantitative determination of lipids residing in free and loosely coupled condition in colloidal system of the chaga water extract. For this it was used exhausting extraction of the chaga water extracts by organic solvents. In chaga water extract it was shown the presence of biologically active lipids such as, sterols and their esters, unsaturated fat acids, vitamin K and coenzyme Q, as well as polar lipids – phospholipids and glycolipids.

Antiradical and antioxidant activity of extracts of various grades of tea were investigated. Concentration of tea polyphenols has been determined by three methods. It was shown, that the most convenient and specific to phenolic compounds of tea is the spectrometric method with use of reactant Folin-Chicolteu. Correlation between the polyphenols contents and antiradical activity of extracts is revealed. It is not established essential differences between the polyphenols contents, antioxidant and antiradical activity of samples of tea from various regions.

The purpose of the research was experimental study of pharmacological activity of 20% hydro-aethanol extract of Sphagnum fuscum (Sphagnum fuscum (Shimp) Klinggr) of Western Siberian flora.

The acute toxicity of an extract from S. fuscum was investigated on laboratory animals and its influence on the processes accompanying wound pathologies was studied. It was established, that the investigated extract is little toxic and it corresponds to class IV of danger «less dangerous substances» Experimental studies showed, that it possesses expressed antiexsudative, analgetic, wound healing, antibacterial and selective antifungal action. Pharmacological properties of an extract from S. fuscum are more or comparable with similar effects of pharmacopoeial preparations.

The combination of pharmacological properties of the extract makes it perspective for the development a remedy for complex therapy of wound and inflammatory processes, burn damages of skin and the infected wounds.

Thanks to the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy peat humus acids of Khantu – Mansiysk Autonomous Region were investigated. Differences in the distribution of carbon atoms according to structural fragments were found the fact allowed to diagnose characteristics of molecular structure of preparations, which depends of botanical peat structure.

Variation of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, water-soluble organic matter, humid acids, and aminoacids were studied during storage of mixtures (peat and 0,5–6,0% urea) for 15 days. Mineralization of peat organic matter was accompanied activation of nitrogen by 81% and phosphorus by 44% of their general content in the starting peat. Content of water-soluble organic matter increased 1,7–8,7 times, humid acids 1,5–1,7 times, and aminoacids 1,5–1,9 times during transformation of the peat organic matter.

The study of the viscosity properties of concentrated solutions (66,7; 69,6; 75 mass %) of compositions of polyester rosin, modified with colophony, and betulin (6,25%) in benzyl alcohol in temperature range from 20 to 80 C was carried out. The efficient activation energies of viscous flow were calculated.

Samples of the modified titanium dioxide xerogels gels with a various TiO₂/ CP ratio have been received by adding a cellulose powder (CP) before the hydrolysis of tetrabutoxytitanium. The IR spectroscopic examination has established presence of interparticle interactions between organic and inorganic components of a material at a level of hydrogen bonds. Research of model process of the liquid-phase oxidation of trimethylhydroquinone by air oxygen has shown increase of TiO₂ sorbtion capacity concerning trimethylhydroquinone with growth of share CP in modified xerogel. If oxidative reaction is realized at presence of the catalyst CuCl₂2H₂O, hyperactivity with growing proportion of CP in the sample is observed.

Thus, presence CP at synthesis of xerogel leads to formation and stabilization more active in sorbtion particles TiO₂ of the smaller size.

Pavlov V.E., Khramova E.P., Khvostov I.V., Kovalskaya G.A., Koutsenogiy K.P., Chankina O.V., Kovalevskaya N.M. Generalized model of a number of chemical elements abundance in Pentaphylloides fruticosa

The paper presents the results of statistical analysis of distribution of such chemical elements as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Br, Rb, Zn и Sr by their concentration in Pentaphylloides fruticosa. Close correlation relationship of their content in different plant parts and samples that have different phases of growth is defined. Usually the correlation coefficient of average logarithmic concentrations exceeds 0,98. It can reduce up to 0,96 when the samples from different plant localities are compared. Geometric mean values of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Br, Rb, Zn и Sr concentration and dispersion of their logarithms that characterize the species are estimated. They can be used for comparative analysis of Pentaphylloides fruticosa with other plants for the standardization of herbal raw material and in data base as well.

Quality of a paper and board from production wastes of packaging for liquid foodstuff «tetra-pak» is investigated. Physical-mechanical indexes of a paper and board are positioned. Comparison of indexes of a paper and a board quality allows to assert, that a wastes tetra-pak is potential raw materials for production of a high-quality secondary fibre, and from it the test liner.

Findings of investigation of hydrodynamics of vortical plates with tangential and axial vortexmakers is presented. Modes of flow of a gaz-liquid admixture are defined, dependences for calculation of critical speed of gas characterising change of a hydrodynamic mode, hydraulic resistance, gas content, diameter of blisters of gas and boundary surface are received. The relative evaluation of a vortical contact step and packed is made and advantage of the first is shown.

It has been established that carbohydrate complex of Salvia verticillata L. above-ground part is represented by water-soluble polysaccharides, pectins, hemicelluloses; besides their monosaccharide composition has been determined. Polysaccarides composition have been extracted and investigated from Salvia verticillata L. above-ground part for the first time.

The mineral complex is presented by Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Hf, Hg, Pb, Bi, Nb, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, I, Ba, La.

Научное издание

ХИМИЯ

РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Свидетельство о регистрации ПИ №77-16614 от 24.10.2003.

Литературный редактор: Е.М. Федяева

Издательство Алтайского государственного университета:

Изд. лиц. ЛР 020261

656049, Барнаул, ул. Димитрова, 66