Химия растительного сырья

CONTENTS

Ishmuratov G.Yu.,Yakovleva M.P., Shayakhmetova A.H., Ishmuratova N.M., Tolstikov G.A. ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION AND DIHIDROKsilation OLEFINES IN SYNTHESIS OF HEXAPODS

Sverdlik G.V., Koverninskiy I.N. Research of a tare board quality from packaging production wastes "tetra-pak" Error: Reference source not found

Voynov N.A., Nikolaev N.A., Kustov A.V., Nikolaev A.N., Tarovatyj D.V. VORTICAL CONTACT STEPS

Alexander Ivanovich Galochkin's memories (18.03.1940 – 13.09.2008) Error: Reference source not found

Data on authors Error: Reference source not found

The literary data for last 10 years on synthesis of insects’ pheromones with use of reactions asymmetric epoxidation and dihydroxilation of olefines, including a natural origin are generalized.

This work presents the result of investigation of hydrodynamics, conformational and fractal properties of lignins in dilute solutions DMFA. The molecular mass, intrinsic viscosity, coefficients of translational diffusion and sedimentation, and Haggins constans were determined. The performability of scale invariant principle was found. Tsvetkov-Klenin hydrodynamic invariants and parameters Mark-Kuhn-Houvink equation were calculated. It was shown that lignin’s macromolecules from wheat and oats straw have linear topological structure.

By means of RHF/6-311G(2df,p) level of theory the global electrophilicity patterns of a series of 24 monolignols have been evaluated using the absolute scale of electrophilicity.

Mechanochemical treatment of aspen bark has been carried out. It was shown that mechanotreatment time and cylinder speed affected the yields of aqueous-alcoholic substances and polyophenol compounds. We determined the contents and reactivity of oxidation inhibitors in aqueous-alcoholic extracts obtained from the initial and mechano-activated raw material. It was demonstrated that increasing time of mechanotreatment and cylinder speed we increased the yield of aqueous-alcoholic substances and polyophenol compounds, while the content of antioxidants varied by an extremal dependence.

The content of pectin substances, hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin insoluble in acid in retting and wetting scutched fibre obtained from selection variety of the long-fibred flax «А-93» growing in 2005 year on experimental grounds of All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Flax in Tver and Scientific-Research Institute of Agriculture in Kostroma having been determined by successive extraction of polycarbohydrates. The influence of soil factor on biosynthesis of polymers in bast stem part and on destruction of stem plant tissues at meadow spreading and artificial retting having been observed. It is showing that a growing and a processing of long-fibred flax in different regions are essentially influence on synthesis of polymer components in bast wisps. The companion change of cellulose contents is correlate with such characteristics of physico-mechanical properties for hackled fibre us flexibility, breaking strength and linear density. The best totality of fibre properties from selection variety

The conditions of reception carboxymethyl ethers on the basis of pine wood by processing a formaldehyde solution and their properties are studied in the work. Optimum mole parity a formaldehyde to hydroxyl groups of substrate – 1 : 1. The way of increase of crosslink degree by formaldehyde of pine wood by heating at temperature 105 °С within 15–90 minutes is offered. CMC, allocated from products, received with use of thermal processing has higher values of the polymerization degree (1220–1880), than CMC, allocated of the carboxymethylated wood, received without processing by formaldehyde (800). Chemical modifying of pine wood by a solution of formaldehyde and the next carboxymethylation leads to considerable changes of molekular-topological structure.

The object of this scientific research is a well-known tonic plant of Russian Far East, the Schizándra chinénsis, particularly СО₂-extract of fruits.

The goal of this work is isolation of dominating biologically active substances of Schizándra chinénsis and the substantiation of using γ-schizandrin for the purposes of standardization.

γ-Schizandrin and schizandrin were isolated from substance «Carbon dioxide extract of Schizandra chinensis» and were identified by using of UV-, NMR-spectroscopy, TLC-analysis.

It is proved the using of the state example standard of γ-schizandrin that will allow to propose new ways of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the content of lignans in fruits and seeds of Schizandra chinensis and preparations on the basis of them in the future. These new ways will correspond on contemporary requirements of the objective standardization.

Anashenkov S.Yu., Roschin V.I., Chernyshova O.A. Water-alkaline extraction of wood greens. 1. Influence of design features of the extractor rotary pulsation type and the hydromodule on the yeld of extractive substances

The new way extraction processings of wood green of fir-trees european Picea abies (L.) Karst, consisting in processing vegetative raw material by water solutions of alkalis in the rotary pulsation device is submitted. The data on influence of constructional features of the device and the hydromodule on efficiency of extraction process are resulted.

Qualitative and quantitative study of phenolcarbonic acids (PCA) of Centaurea scabiosa was carried out. In ethanol extracts caffeic, ferulic, chlorogenic, p-cumaric, cinnamic and salicylic acids were found by the method of chromatography on paper.

Determination of PCA content in 40 and 70% ethanol extract from aboveground part of Centaurea scabiosa was executed by two methods: 1) straight spectrophotometric by bandgap absorption of PCA and 2) extraction-spectrophotometric. It’s established that maximal quantity of PCA is extracted by 70% ethanol. PCA content in aboveground part of Centaurea scabiosa
(extragent – 70% ethanol) in recalculating on caffeic acid) is 4,9±0,5% (by straight spectrophotometric method) and 1,6±0,5% (by extraction-spectrophotometric method).

The accumulation dynamics of PCA in aboveground part of Centaurea scabiosa growing in Tomsk and Kemerovo regions during the vegetative period of 2006 was investigated by extraction-spectrophotometric method. Maximal accumulation of PCA is observed in a full blossom period (1,67±0,04% in recalculating on caffeic acid). Optimal date for collecting of aboveground part of the plant for the getting of maximum PCA quantity is a full blossom period. Also it was established that the most quantity of PCA is accumulated in leaves (1,83±0,04%), content in whole aboveground part was slightly less.

The contents of flavonoids glycosides and aglycones in overground part of plants of 6 species of Euphorbia from section Esula and 3 species of section Tulocarpa are determined with chromatospectrophotometric method. The glycosides content was 0,92–3,63% for species of section Esula, and 0,46–1,12 % for species of section Tulocarpa. The flavonoids aglycones contents were 0,04–0,34 and 0,04–0,45%, accordingly. The contents of flavonoids glycosides and aglycones in overground part of plants of introduced species E. polychroma were 1,29 and 0,21%, accordingly.

Seasonal dynamic of the contents of glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol and non-identified flavonol component A (_max 259, 362) in overground part of plants of wild species E. virgata and introduced species E. polychroma is investigated.

Lomboeva S.S., Tankhaeva L.M., Olennikov D.N. Dinamic of flavonoidS accumulation in aerial part of ORTHILIA SECUNDA (L.) HOUSE

Seasonal dynamics of flavonoids accumulation in aerial part of Orthilia secunda (L.) House. is investigated and established, that it maximal contents (3,01%) is observed in a phase of budding – the beginnings of flowering (the middle of June –the middle of July). Influence of ecological-phytocenotical conditions on flavonoids content is established.

The drug plant Echinacea purpurea Moench. is a perspective raw material for obtaining a growth regulator, all organs which contain a wide spectrum of the biologically active substances, namely, lipids, polysaccharides, organic acids and flavonoids.

The purpose of the research is to study a chemical composition of the preparation obtained from Echinacea purpurea Moench.

To determine the content of flavonoids, antocyans, and oxicinnamic acids in the preparation the spectrophotometrical method was used for experimental research. The microelemental analysis of plant raw material and preparation has been carried out by the method of atomic-absorptive spectrometry. A quantitative content of tanning agents has been determined in the subject of the study by the permanganatometrical method.

According to the chemical composition preparations from Echinacea purpurea Moench. contain biologically active substances, various microelemental compositions where such chemical elements as magnesium, zinc, manganese are predominating. Their role is important for plant growth and development. The given analysis of the interconnection structure-activity of cinnamic acid derivative based on quantum-chemical modelling has allowed to extract the elements of space structure with greatest activity.

Kintsurashvili K.M., Khvedelidze V.G., Melkadze R.G. Physical and chemical parameters and protein acid structure of juice from berries of an elder grassy (Sambucus edulus L.)

It is established physical-chemical indicator and the composition of the proteins acid of the juice of the elder-berry, that is fruit-beared in the Tskaltsitela gorge and in the downwards of the river Rioni.

It is shown that it is rich in macro and micro elements, in the organic acids, in the ascorbrian acids and in the irreplaceble proteins. The consistance of the biologically active union (proteins) is partly diminishing because of the ultrafiltration.

Мisharina Т.А., Muhutdinova S.M., Zarikova G.G., Теrеnina М.B., Кrikunova N.I. Influence of the thermal treatment on the composition of volatile components of mushroom (Boletus edulis)

Mushroom aroma is formed by volatile organic compounds which are present in raw product and are a result of the chemical reactions at the technologic processing. The aim of the present work was to study the influence of the thermal treatment on composition of volatile components of mushroom (Boletus edulis). The composition of aroma compounds in cooked and canned whole mushroom was studied by the capillary gas chromatography and chromatography – mass spectrometry methods. More than 100 compounds in the wide range of concentration were found in the flavour concentrates of mushrooms. 50 compounds were identified. It was found that the aroma of cooked mushroom is formed by volatile compounds arising from the enzymic and oxidative destruction of unsaturated fatty acids and from the reaction between amino acids and sugars (Maillard reaction). As a result of these processes the aliphatic and heterocyclic sulphur- , nitrogen- and oxygen containing odorants were synthesized. Unsaturated alcohols and ketones containing 8 atoms of carbon determined the aroma of raw mushroom and took part in the formation of cooked mushroom flavor. The content of these compounds was the largest in the canned mushrooms. The increase of the time of thermal treatment resulted to the decrease of the content of unsaturated isomeric octenols and octenones as well the saturated octanoles.

The component composition of ethereal oil of Siberian larch needle, picked in September, has been studied by the chromato-mass-spectrometry method. It was shown that the ethereal oil contains not more than 59% of monoterpenes, moreover the oil composition changes greatly with the time of its extracting under hydrodistillation.

The influence of natural and synthetic cyclopentene β,β’-triketones and their derivatives on root growth of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) seedlings has been studied