Материалы II студенческой межфакультетсткой конференции первокурсников по биоорганической химии
Histidine Taimi Nandjambi Uupindi, group 9. Scientific adviser is Tishakova Tatyana
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HistidineTaimi Nandjambi Uupindi, group 9. Scientific adviser is Tishakova Tatyana.Histidine is an amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein in our bodies. Histidine, an essential amino acid, has as a positively charged imidazole functional group. The imidazole makes it a common participant in enzyme catalyzed reactions. The unprotonated imidazole is nucleophilic and can serve as a general base, while the protonated form can serve as a general acid. The residue can also serve a role in stabilizing the folded structures of proteins. It is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids. Histidine is an essential amino acid in humans and other mammals. People use histidine as medicine. Histidine is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease, ulcer and anaemia caused by kidney failure or kidney dialysis. More over histidine involve in range of metabolic processes in the bodies. Another important therapeutic use of the amino acid histidine is indicated in treatment of allergic and related condition. Histidine is antagonistic to histamine and plays an important part in histamine adrenalin balance in shock. Histidine produces a feeling of well being and energy that could be useful in the care of post-operative patients and the treatment of shock. QUINONEAmritha Ashok Nair, group 10. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana.A quinone is a class of organic compounds that are formally "derived from aromatic compounds [such as benzene or naphthalene] by conversion of an even number of –CH= groups into –C(=O)– groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds," resulting in "a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure."[1] The class includes some heterocyclic compounds. The prototypical member of the class is 1,4-benzoquinone or cyclohexadienedione, often called simply quinone (thus the name of the class). Other important examples are 1,2-benzoquinone (ortho-quinone), 1,4-naphthoquinone and 9,10-anthraquinone. Biochemistry Derivatives of quinones are common constituents of biologically relevant molecules. Some serve as electron acceptors in electron transport chains such as those inphotosynthesis (plastoquinone, phylloquinone), and aerobic respiration (ubiquinone). Phylloquinone is also known as Vitamin K1 as it is used by animals to help form certain proteins, which are involved in blood coagulation, bone formation, and other processes. A natural example of the oxidation of hydroquinone to quinone is in the spray of bombardier beetles; hydroquinone is reacted with hydrogen peroxide to produce a fiery blast of steam, a strong deterrent in the animal world. Medicinal Natural or synthetic quinones show a biological or pharmacological activity, and some of them show antitumoral activity. They embody some claims in herbal medicine. These applications include purgative (sennosdes), antimicrobacterial (rhein- and saprorthoquinone), anti-tumor (emodin and jugone), inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis (arnebinone and arnebifuranone) and anti-cardiovascular disease (tanshinone).[3]
Namrata Pal, group 10. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana.Imidazole is an organic compound with the formula (CH)2N(NH)CH. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in water to give mildly alkaline solution. It is an aromatic heterocycle, classified as a diazole and as an alkaloid. 
Imidazole is a planar 5-membered ring. The imidazole ring is a constituent of several important natural products, including purine, histamine, histidine and nucleic acid. Imidazole is a highly polar compound. The compound is classified as aromatic due to the presence of a sextet of π-electrons Imidazole is amphoteric. The Debus-Radziszewski imidazole synthesis is an organic reaction describing the synthesis of an imidazole from a diketone, an aldehyde and ammonia. 
Biological properties:
Reference: www.wikipedia.org PyridineShriya Napolean Fernandes, group 10. Scientific adviser is Kozub Svetlana.Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH-) replaced by a nitrogen atom. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including azines and the vitamins niacin and pyridoxal. Pyridine was discovered in 1849 by the Scottish chemist Thomas Anderson as one of the constituents of bone oil. Occurrence: Pyridine is not abundant in nature, except for the leaves and roots of belladonna (Atropa belladonna) and in marshmallow (Althaea officinalis). Pyridine derivatives, however, are often part of biomolecules such as the eponymous pyridine nucleotides and alkaloids. In daily life, trace amounts of pyridine are components of the volatile organic compounds that are produced in roasting andcanning processes, e.g. in fried chicken,sukiyaki, roasted coffee, potato chips, and fried bacon.Traces of pyridine can be found in Beaufort cheese, vaginal secretions, black tea, saliva of those suffering from gingivitis, and sunflower honey. The smoke of tobacco and marijuana also contain small amounts of pyridine. Pyridine is used as a precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals and is also an important solvent and reagent. Pyridine is added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for drinking (see denatured alcohol). It is used in the in vitrosynthesis of DNA,[6] in the synthesis of sulfapyridine (a drug against bacterial and viral infections), antihistaminic drugs tripelennamine and mepyramine, as well as water repellents, bactericides, and herbicides. Some chemical compounds, although not synthesized from pyridine, contain its ring structure. They include B vitamins niacin and pyridoxal, the anti-tuberculosis drugisoniazid, nicotine and other nitrogen-containing plant products. ILL EFFECTS: Pyridine is harmful if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Effects of acute pyridine intoxication include dizziness, headache, lack of coordination, nausea, salivation, and loss of appetite. They may progress into abdominal pain, pulmonary congestion and unconsciousness. Pyridine is flammable.Pyridine might also have minor neurotoxic, genotoxic, and clastogenic effects .Exposure to pyridine would normally lead to its inhalation and absorption in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract, where it either remains unchanged or is metabolized. The major products of pyridine metabolism are N-methylpyridiniumhydroxide, which are formed by N-methyltransferases (e.g., pyridine N-methyltransferase), as well as pyridine-N oxide, and 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxypyridine, which are generated by the action of monooxygenase. In humans, pyridine is metabolized only into N-methylpyridiniumhydroxide. Pyridine is readily degraded by bacteria to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The unsubstituted pyridine ring degrades more rapidly than picoline, lutidine, chloropyridine, or aminopyridines and a number of pyridine degraders have been shown to overproduce riboflavin in the presence of pyridine.Minor amounts of pyridine are released into environment from some industrial processes such as steel manufacture,processing of oil shale, coal gasification, coking plants and incinerators. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: It plays a central role in the structure and properties of nucleic acids. REFERENCES: wikipedia жүктеу/скачать 3.18 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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