Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентов заочников

Вариант 2.

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Belfast grows very fast.

2. Among other places of interest in Belfast is the Queen’s University.

3. The Palm House built in 1850 attracts the visitors’ attention.

1. Belfast is one of the largest sea trade ports of Northern Ireland.

2. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training at the Sports Centre.

3. The flexible production line consists of a programmable machine-tool and an electronic control system.

1. Lake Baikal is the deepest in the world.

2. The faster the substance burns, the more heat it gives off.

3. The results of his last experiment were worse than of the previous one.

1. There are several sources of energy, some of them are inexhaustible.

2. Do you know any foreign language?

3. There are 14 protons in the nucleus of a silicon atom.

1. Lomonosov was a great poet and did much for the progress of the Russian language.

2. The student will continue his research in a laboratory.

3. The new workshop houses a new flexible module.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Lagan – р.Лаган

2. Belfast Lough [‘lok] – оз. Белфаст

1. Belfast, a capital of Northern Ireland, is its main administrative, economic and cultural center. It is situated at the mouth of the river Lagan ¹, on the shores of Belfast Lough ².

2. Belfast is one of the youngest capital cities in the world and it grows very fast. Today the city has a population of 400,000, nearly a third of the entire population of Northern Ireland, but in the 17^th century it was only a village. Then, during the 19^th century, the development of industries like linen, rope-making, engineering and the sea-trade doubled the town’s size every ten years.

3. Nowadays Belfast is an important center of textile manufacture, aircraft production, electrical engineering and ship-building – it was here that the “Titanic” was built and sent out on her fatal voyage. Belfast has the largest in the world shipyard. It built many fine liners, warships and other vessels, which sail the seas of the world. Belfast is also one of the largest seaports of the U.K. It handles most of the overseas trade of Northern Ireland. Its fine harbour welcomes ships from many parts of the world.

4. In the eastern part of Belfast you will see a magnificent Parliament building. This place is called Stormont. Stormont is also the name of the former autonomous Irish parliament, which existed from 1920 till 1972. It consisted of two chambers – the House of Commons and the Senate. The British Parliament has ruled Northern Ireland since 1972.

Among other places of interest in Belfast are the Queen’s University with many fine new buildings, the Cathedral of St. Anne and the Art Gallery.

5. The outskirts of Belfast are rich in beautiful parks. The Botanic Gardens contain a rich collection of rare plants. Some of the tropical plants are 100 years old. The Palm House built in 1850 usually attracts the visitors’ attention.
VII. Прочитайте 1 и 5 абзацы текста и письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is this text about?

2. Is it the main administrative, economic and cultural center?

3. Where is it situated?

4. Where are the beautiful parks situated?

5. What do the Botanic Gardens contain?

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Frosts and storms make life hard in the Far North.

2. Professor N. lectures on history.

3. Chicago is the nation’s second largest city.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Forest areas of our country are very great.

2. Chicago is the world’s largest railroad terminal.

3. The highest population density in Russia is in Chuvashia.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The thicker the wire the less its resistance.

2. The weather today is worse than it was yesterday.

3. Moscow is the largest city in our country.

1. There are more than 100 elements known to science.

2. There appeared some new methods of separating the molecules of polymers.

3. My schoolfriend has no ability to mathematics.

1. The student made no mistakes in his translation.

2. Plasma is the fourth state of matter.

3. We shall investigate the structure of a new substance in our laboratory.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. inland – внутрь, вглубь

2. trading post – фактория

3. fur trappers – охотники на пушного зверя
Chicago.

1. Chicago is the nation’s second largest city, the most important Great Lakes port and the world’s largest railroad terminal. It lies about 800 miles inland ¹ from the Atlantic and for centuries was known only to Indians as a small trading post ² for fur trappers ³. But after the opening of the Eerie canal in 1825 Chicago soon became a harbour and started to grow rapidly.

2. The construction of railroad in the 1840s still furthered its unprecedented growth. Chicago soon turned into the largest grain and meatmarket of the country. This encouraged the farmer to grow more wheat and raise more cattle. Thus the gigantic transportation system with Chicago at the center helped the conversion of farming into an industry which, in turn, gave impetus to the appearance of countless inventions. In the 35 years between the end of the Civil war and the end of the century, the U.S. Patent Office granted more than half-a-million patents. And so Chicago became a major industrial city with a permanent labour force.

3. After 1850 housing posed the most serious urban problem. The extremely high cost of urban territory spurred the architects to build upward. They tried to find a new form of their buildings. Soon a “race to the skies” was on in all the great cities of America, and the words “skyscraper” and “skyline” entered the language. The first building of this kind was erected in 1883. Thus the skyscraper was Chicago’s contribution to American architecture.

4. However, all efforts to relieve radically the overcrowding in Chicago slums practically failed for the population continued to grow rapidly and by 1950 reached 3,620,000.

5. Chicago in our days is not only a major industrial city but also an important cultural center. It has nearly 100 institutions of higher learning as well as a number of interesting museums, picturesque parks, good recreational and sport facilities. Among the famous skyscrapers are the 100 story John Hancock Center and the 110-story Sears Tower, which rank as the world’s tallest building.

1. What spurred the architects to build upward?

2. What words entered the language after 1850?

3. What was Chicago’s contribution to American architecture?

4. Were the efforts to relieve the overcrowding in Chicago a success?

5. What was the population in Chicago in 1950?

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He never thinks of other people. He is selfish.

2. Vegetarians do not eat meat.

3. The Moon is the Earth’s natural satellite.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. The first generation robots appeared in 1960.

2. Robots can perform complex production operations.

3. The nuclear – rocket engine must be thermally efficient.

1. The more experiments we carry out, the more data we obtain.

2. We stayed at the cheapest hotel in the town.

3. Radio waves serve as the most reliable means of communication between the spaceship and the Earth.

1. There are many houses in the southern regions of our country, which use solar heaters.

2. There were some changes in the properties of the solid under test.

3. Are there any new instruments in your laboratory?

1. Einstein was very fond of music. His violin brought him much joy.

2. Sea and river – going ships discharge no less than 5 million tons of oil into seas and oceans each year.

3. Your experiment will not give good results until you change the speed of reaction.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. pacific – тихоокеанский

2. the motion-picture industry – кинематографическая промышленность, кинематография

3. dim-out – затмение

4. single-family housing units – жилые блоки на одну семью

5. derrick – буровая вышка

6. freeway – автострада, автомагистраль

7. outlying – отдалённый, удалённый
Los Angeles.

1. Los Angeles was founded by the Spanish in 1781 and for a long time developed very slowly. In 1847 when the American forces captured Los Angeles its population was only 1,500. It remained a small community until the 1890s when the discovery of huge reserves of oil in the area greatly stimulated its growth. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 turned Los Angeles into a major pacific¹ sea-port and brought further expansion.

2. The 1920s saw an unprecendented growth of the motion-picture industry², mainly due to an exceptionally favourable climate with a lot of sunny days and very little rainfall. It is also the climatic conditions and exceedingly fertile soil that made Los Angeles the “garden spot” of the United States that produces most of its citrus fruit.

3. During World War II Los Angeles became an important center of the aviation industry and started developing on a gigantic scale. Thousands of newly-built plants discharged smoke, microscopic dust, gases and chemicals. And this smog caused a daylight dim-out³ one day-September 8, 1943.

4. Los Angeles of our days is the nation’s third most populous city with over 3 million inhabitants in the city itself and about 8 million in the whole metropolitan area. It has one of the largest urban territories in the world. Almost all of this vast area is covered by single –family housing units⁴, oil derricks⁵ and industrial complexes. Los Angeles is the most “one-storied’ city of the large American cities. Even in the central part there are comparatively few multistoried apartment houses and high-rise buildings. Characteristically, Los Angeles has the heaviest per capita concentration of automobiles in the world and is famous for its vast system of freeways⁶ radiating from the center to outlying⁷ areas.

5. Thousands of tourists are especially attracted by Disneyland, the children’s fairy-tale park, opened in 1955 and the Hollywood Bowl, a gigantic open-air cinema theatre which every summer houses national musical festivals and where the highest film awards-the Oscars- are presented to film stars and producers.

1. What industry was developed in the 1920-s?

2. What made Los Angeles the “garden spot” of the United States?

3. What happened on September 8, 1943?

4. What was the reason of the daylight dim-out?

5. What is Los Angeles famous for?

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The sun rises in the East.

2. Mr. Hall delivers lectures to the students of a technical college.

3. Mazda, Japan’s fourth biggest car-maker plans to produce 1500000 cars in Europe.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber products.

2. Japan holds the lead in the world in robot production.

3.The first generation robots appeared in 1960.

1. Automatic devices make labour safer and easier.

2. The higher we go into the atmosphere, the thinner the air becomes.

3. Wall-Street is one of the oldest and shortest streets in New-York.

1. There is a tradition in England to hold a rally in which only the oldest cars take part.

2. Even in the central part of Los Angeles there are comparatively few multistoried apartment houses and high-rise buildings.

3. There are many houses in the southern regions of our country, which use solar heaters.

1. Washington is the capital of the United States of America.

2. Before the Civil War Washington grew rather slowly.

3. They will finish their work tomorrow.

Пояснения к тексту:

1.influx- приток, наплыв

2.embarkation- погрузка

3.the Pacific- Тихий океан

4.the United Nations Charter- Устав ООН

5.vista- аллея

6.ornate- витиеватый

1.San Francisco was founded by the Spanish in 1776 but it received its present name only in 1847 when, after the Mexican war, the whole California passed to the United States. With the beginning of the famous “gold rush” of 1848 thousands of fortune-seekers and adventurers flooded the area and the population of San Francisco grew up to 50,00. The steady influx¹ of immigrants from over the world never ceased so that now San Francisco is the most cosmopolitan place in America. Usually the newcomers from one country settled together. In 1906 a terrible earthquake almost completely destroyed the city, but soon it was rebuilt and continued to expand. Another powerful earthquake took place in the fall of 1989 but this time the destructions were minimal due to earthquake-proof construction of buildings. During World War II the city was the major supply and embarkation ² port for the struggle in the Pacific ³. The United Nations Charter ⁴ was drafted here in 1945.

2. Today San Francisco is an important financial center of the West. The major industries include food-processing, ship-building, oil-refining and the manufacture of metal products and chemicals. It is also an important cultural center with numerous educational establishments, publishing firms, museums and theaters with symphony, opera and ballet production.

3. Situated along the San Francisco Bay and among the steep hills which give the whole urban skyline a picturesque effect, San Francisco is a colorful city of the lovely vistas ⁵, beautiful bridges (among these the famous Golden gate Bridge with a 4,200 – meter span), richly decorated private mansions and imposing public buildings. Among the many tourist attraction first and foremost is Chinatown with its ornate ⁶ Oriental architecture – the largest Chinese community outside China. One of its striking features is that on the street – level it consists almost entirely of shops with dwelling–rooms above or below.

1. Where is San Francisco situated?

2. What is the most famous bridge of San Francisco?

3. What is Chinatown?

4. What does Chinatown consist of?

5. Where are dwelling-rooms situated?

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №2 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видовременные формы глагола:

А) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future);

Б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты (can, may, must)

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I, Participle II в функции определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

Called - Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to call.