Методичні вказівки для студентів спеціальностей "Міжнародна інформація" та "Міжнародні економічні відносини" Затверджено на засіданні
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- 2. For questions 1 -24, read the text below and then decide which word best fits each space. Use the table at the beginning of this part. The exercise begins with an example (0).
- The Most Risky Places in the USA
- LISTENING 3. Work in pairs. Discuss everything you know about the Grand Canyon.
- 6. Translate into English.
- 8. For paragraphs 1-9 you must choose which of the fragments A - J fit into the gaps below. There is one extra fragment, which does not fit into any of the gaps.
- 9. Work in pairs. How do you understand the word combinations melting pot and salad bowl
- Work in pairs. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two concepts: the melting pot and the salad bowl.
- 12. Work in pairs. What are the most typical features of American character Are they related to any historical factors (e.g. the population composition, the immigration background etc).
- Physical Appearance and Dress
- Communication and Social Interaction
- LISTENING 14. Work in pairs. Write down everything you know about John F. Kennedy, the 35 th US President. 15.
- 16. Work in pairs. Read the following biographical entries. What is similar and what is different about the life of the four presidents.
- 17. Read the beginning of the text. What do you think the text is about
- 18. Now listen to the first part of the text about John F. Kennedy. For questions 1 - 29, complete the statements. You will hear the recording twice.
- John Kennedys major personal misfortunes included
- As a result of Kennedys specific character, history does not have the full story on
- 19. Translate into English.
A. NEW ENGLAND This smallest region played a dominant role in American development. Its earliest European settlers were English Protestants of firm and settled doctrine. They gave the region its distinctive political format - the town meeting in which citizens gathered to discuss issues of the day. Only men of property could vote. This political practice afforded New Englanders an unusually high level of participation in government. By 1750, the mainstays of the region had become shipbuilding, fishing and trade. In their business dealings, New Englanders gained a reputation for hard work, shrewdness, thrift, and ingenuity. Most of the money to run the businesses came from Boston, which was the financial center of the nation. New England supported a vibrant cultural life and education. It boasts a cluster of top-ranking universities and colleges, including Harvard and Yale. Despite a changing population, much of the original spirit of New England remains. It can be seen in the simple, wood frame houses and white church steeples that are features of many small towns, and in the traditional lighthouses that dot the Atlantic coast. In the 20th century many skilled workers have been left without jobs. The gap has been partly filled by the microelectronics and computer industries.
The Middle Atlantic region was settled by a wide range of people. Dutch immigrants moved into the lower Hudson River Valley in what is now New York State. Swedes went to Delaware. English Catholics founded Maryland, and an English Protestant sect, the Quakers, settled Pennsylvania. The region served as abridge between North and South. Philadelphia was home to the Continental Congress (the convention of delegates from the original colonies that organized the American Revolution) and the birthplace of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the U.S. Constitution in 1787. As heavy industry spread throughout the region, rivers such as the Hudson and Delaware became vital shipping lanes, and the cities on them - New York on the Hudson, Philadelphia on the Delaware, Baltimore on Chesapeake Bay - grew dramatically. New York is still the nation's largest city, its financial hub, and its cultural center. The region's largest states, New York and Pennsylvania, became centers of heavy industry (iron, glass, and steel). C. THE SOUTH Like New England, the South was first settled by English Protestants. But whereas New Englanders tended to stress their differences from the old country, Southerners tended to emulate the English. After 1800 the interests of the manufacturing North and the agrarian South began to diverge. Slavery was the most contentious issue. To northerners it was immoral; to southerners it was integral to their way of life. In 1860, 11 southern states left the Union intending to form a separate nation, the Confederate States of America. It led to the Civil War, the Confederacy's defeat, and the end of slavery. The abolition of slavery failed to provide African Americans with political or economic equality. Southern towns and cities legalized and refined the practice of racial segregation. It took a long, concerted effort by African Americans and their supporters to end segregation. In the meantime, the South could point with pride to a 20th-century regional writers, such as William Faulkner, Robert Perm Warren, Katherine Anne Porter, Tennessee Williams, Flannery O'Connor and others. Today the South has evolved into a manufacturing region, and high-rise buildings crowd the skylines of such cities as Atlanta, Georgia and Little Rock, Arkansas. Owing to its mild weather, the South has become a mecca for retirees from other U.S. regions and from Canada.
Starting in the early 1800s Europeans bypassed the East Coast to migrate directly to the interior. The region's fertile soil contributed to abundant harvests of cereal crops. The region was soon known as the nation's "breadbasket." Most of the Midwest is flat. The Mississippi River has acted as a regional lifeline, moving settlers to new homes and foodstuffs to market. The river inspired two classic American books written by Mark Twain: Life on the Mississippi and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Midwesterners are praised as being open, friendly, and straightforward. Their politics tend to be cautious, but the caution is sometimes peppered with protest. The Midwest gave birth to the Republican Party, which was formed in the 1850s, to oppose the spread of slavery into new states. Perhaps because of then geographic location, many Midwesterners have been strong adherents of isolationism, the belief that Americans should not concern themselves with foreign wars and problems. The region's hub is Chicago, Illinois. This major Great Lakes' port is a connecting point for rail lines and air traffic to far-flung parts of the nation and the world.
The Southwest differs from the Midwest in weather (drier), population (is less dense), and ethnicity (strong Spanish-American and Native-American components). Outside the cities, the region is a land of open spaces, much of which is desert. The magnificent Grand Canyon is located in this region, within the Navajo Reservation, home of the most populous American Indian tribe. Parts of the Southwest once belonged to Mexico and its Mexican heritage continues to exert a strong influence. The regional population is growing rapidly, with Arizona rivaling the southern states as a destination for retired Americans in search of a warm climate. Population growth in the hot, arid Southwest has depended on two human artifacts: the dams and the air conditioner. Dams have brought water to towns such as Las Vegas, Nevada; Phoenix, Arizona; and Albuquerque, New Mexico, allowing them to become metropolises. Las Vegas is renowned as one of the worlds centers for gambling, while Santa Fe, New Mexico, is famous as a center for the arts. F. THE WEST The West is a region of scenic beauty on a grand scale. To the west of the Sierra Nevada mountains, winds from the Pacific Ocean carry enough moisture to keep the land well-watered. To the east, however, the land is very dry. In much of the West the population is sparse, and the federal government owns and manages millions of hectares of undeveloped land. Americans use these areas for recreational and commercial activities, such as fishing, camping, hiking, boating, grazing, lumbering, and mining. Alaska is a vast land of few, but hardy, people and great stretches of wilderness protected in national parks and wildlife refuges. Hawaii is the only state in which Asian Americans outnumber residents of European stock. Los Angeles bears the stamp of its large Mexican-American population. The second largest city in the nation, it is best known as the home of the Hollywood film industry and the "Silicon Valley" area near San Jose, California is the most populous of all the states. Western cities are known for their tolerance. The western economy is varied. California, for example, is both an agricultural state and a high-technology manufacturing state.
The Most Risky Places in the USA Almost any … (0) in the state with the capital of … (1) is dangerous. In addition to earthquakes, wildfire, landslides, the state has … (2) active areas in the north, around Mt. Shasta and other major volcanoes, as well as in the east, where the Long Valley Caldera shows signs of renewed … (3). Even beyond its … (4) seismic zones, the … (5)'s shoreline is … (6) to tsunamis (seismic sea waves) from submarine … (7) throughout the Pacific. More recent additions to this … (8) of hazards are smog, freeway snipers, urban riots, oil spills, and (looking … (9) a few decades) severe water … (10).
Seattle, the largest city in the … (11), is also vulnerable to severe earthquakes. Unlike Californians, long aware of the risk, the officials in this state capital town of … (12) have only recently begun to plan for a seismic … (13). Coastal parts of the continental … (14) and of the island state with the capital in … (15) are especially … (16) to tsunamis, huge waves whipped up by … (17) earthquakes in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific coast of the state with the capital in … (18) is seismically active, and the islands of the … (19) can generate their own tsunamis. Tropical hurricanes pose a danger to the Atlantic Coast, particularly to Outer Banks, a long, thin barrier island, in the … (20) state, from which evacuation is difficult. Construction and geographical problems make the southern areas of the … (21) State's Atlantic Coast vulnerable to high winds and flooding from storms. The … (22)'s coast is also vulnerable to multiple hazards: tropical hurricanes, unnaturally high dams along the lower Mississippi River, air and groundwater … (23). Cancer … (24) is high here as well.
LISTENING 3. Work in pairs. Discuss everything you know about the Grand Canyon. 
4. Match the words in column A with their equivalents in column B. Translate them.
5. You will hear a lecturer talking about the Grand Canyon. For questions 1-23, fill in the missing information. Use 1-5 words to fill the gaps in. There is an example at the beginning (0). You will hear the recording twice. The Grand Canyon is situated in Northern Arizona_(0) The Colorado River … (1) is called the Grand Canyon The length of the Grand Canyon is … (2), its depth is … (3) and its width is … (4). The height of the Canyon area varies between … (5) ft. The South rim of the Canyon … (6) than the North rim. The South rim … (7) temperatures than the North rim does The average annual amount of rainfall on the North rim is … (8) on the South rim. The annual amount of rainfall on the floor of the Canyon is at least … (9) on the South rim. You can see many … (10) in the Canyon walls. There are more than … (11) birds, … (12) plants, about … (13) mammals in the Grand Canyon Park. The members of the Spanish … (14), guided by Hopi Indians, were the first Europeans who saw the Canyon in the year of … (15). The Navaho Indians reservation, situated … (16) of the Grand Canyon Park, has the area of … (17). The Hopi Indian reservation, with the area of … (18) is … (19) the Navaho reservation. The Havasupai Indians reservation has the area of … (20), and there are only … (21) people living in it. The Grand Canyon National Park … (22) by President Woodrow Wilson in the year of … (23). 6. Translate into English. 1. Першими європейськими мешканцями Нью-Інгленда були англійські протестанти, які прибули до Америки у пошуках свободи релігії. Вони запровадили в регіоні характерне політичне врядування - міські збори, на яких громадяни обговорювали нагальні питання. Право голосу мали лише ті, хто володів власністю. Завдяки цьому мешканці Нью-Інгленда набули значного політичного досвіду. Вони рано зрозуміли, що обробляти великі ділянки землі, як було прийнято на Півдні, у цьому регіоні важко. До середини 18-го століття більшість поселенців зайнялися іншими ремеслами: суднобудуванням, рибальством та торгівлею. У цих справах нью-інглендці зажили репутації людей роботящих, ощадливих і майстерних. 2. Перші переселенці Середньої Атлантики займалися переважно землеробством та торгівлею, а регіон відігравав роль моста між Півднем та Північчю. Місто Філадельфія, розташоване у штаті Пенсільванія, стало місцем "народження" Декларації про Незалежність у 1776 році та Конституції Сполучених Штатів у 1787 році. Коли почала розвиватися важка індустрія, річки, такі як Гудзон та Делавер, перетворилися на життєво важливі лінії руху пароплавів. Міста, розташовані на важливих водних шляхах, - Нью-Йорк на річці Гудзон, Філадельфія на річці Делавер та Балтімор у Чесапікській затоці, - швидко зросли до великих розмірів. Нью-Йорк і досі є найбільшим містом, фінансовим та культурним центром країни. 3. Південь спочатку був заселений англійськими протестантами. Однак після 1800 року інтереси промислової Півночі та аграрного Півдня почали набувати розбіжностей, основною причиною яких було рабство. У 1860 році 11 північних штатів залишили Союз з метою створення самостійної держави – Конфедерації Штатів Америки. Такий крок спричинив Громадянську війну і скасування рабства. Проте це не надало афро-американцям політичної та економічної рівності. В містах Півдня було легалізовано та вдосконалено практику расової дискримінації. Багато зусиль довелося докласти афроамериканцям та їхнім прихильникам, щоб покінчити з нею. Сьогодні Південь перетворився на виробничий район з великими містами, такими як Атланта та Літтл Рок, штат Арканзас. 4. Більша частина території Середнього Заходу лежить на рівнині. Річка Міссісіпі відігравала життєво важливу роль для регіону, перевозячи переселенців до місць їхнього проживання та продукти на ринки. Тутешні мешканці вважаються щирими, дружніми людьми, які дотримуються свого слова, обережно ставляться до політики, а також є прихильниками ізоляціонізму, тобто вважають, що американці не повинні надто перейматися проблемами інших країн. Центром регіону вважається Чікаго, штат Іллінойс, третє найбільше місто в країні. 5. Південний Захід відрізняється від сусіднього Середнього Заходу погодними умовами (сухіший клімат), населенням (менша щільність) та етнічним складом (значна присутність іспано-американців та місцевих американських індіанців). Збільшення населення на гарячому, сухому Південному Заході залежить під двох чинників: гребель та кондиціонерів повітря. Греблі на річці Колорадо та на інших річках, а також канали, побудовані за проектом "Центральна Арізона", постачаючи воду таким колись маленьким містам, як Лас-Вегас у штаті Невада, Фінікс у штаті Арізона та Альбукерк у штаті Нью Мехіко, допомогли їм перетворитися на ділові та культурні центри. 6. Захід – це регіон масштабних мальовничих краєвидів. Рельєф усіх тутешніх штатів є частково гірським. Вітри з Тихого океану приносять на західну частину верхівок гір достатньо вологи. Однак землі, розташовані далі на схід, дуже сухі. Наприклад, західні території штату Вашингтон отримують за рік опадів у 20 разів більше, ніж східна частина Каскадних гір, розташованих на території цього ж штату. Щільність населення на Заході досить мала. Аляска – найпівнічніший штат країни – має нечисленне населення і велику площу, де створюються національні парки. Гаваї є єдиним штатом, де американці азіатського походження переважають населення європейського походження. Лос-Анджелес, друге найбільше місто США, відоме розташуванням поблизу Голівуду. Завдяки бурхливому зростанню населення Лос-Анджелеса та "Силіконової долини" поблизу Сан Хосе, за кількістю жителів Каліфорнія є найбільшим штатом країни.
A fought to keep the land they had traditionally used; B helped fill its roster of troops by encouraging emigration from Europe; C formed an internal wave of immigration; D have placed greater value on diversity; E were still trapped by poverty in urban neighborhoods plagued by drug use and crime; F suffered fierce prosecution in eastern Europe; G specifically excluded immigrants from that area; H lived in what is now the continental United States; I have arrived from a variety of countries; J caused an estimated 5 million people to leave their homeland each year. 1. The story of the American people is a story of immigration and diversity. The United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other country – more than 50 million in all – and still admits almost 700,000 persons a year. In the past, many American writers emphasized the idea of the 'melting pot', an image that suggested newcomers would discard their old customs and adopt American ways. Typically, for example, the children of immigrants learned English but not their parents' first language. Later, however, Americans have switched over to the concept of the 'salad bowl', i.e. they _______________________________, ethnic groups have renewed and celebrated their heritage, and the children of immigrants often grow up being bilingual. 2. The first American immigrants, beginning more than 20,000 years ago, were intercontinental wanderers: hunters and their families following animal herds from Asia to America, across a land bridge where the Bering Strait is today. When Christopher Columbus "discovered" the New World in 1492, about 1.5 million Native Americans ______________________________________, although estimates of the number vary greatly. Mistaking the place where he landed – San Salvador in the Bahamas – for the Indies, Columbus called the Native Americans "Indians". 3. During the next 200 years, people from European countries followed across the Atlantic Ocean to explore America and set up trading posts and colonies. Native Americans suffered greatly. The transfer of land from Indian hands was accomplished through treaties, wars, and coercion. In the 19th century, the governments preferred solution to the Indian "problem" was to force tribes to inhabit reservations. Some tribes _______________________________. In many cases the reservation land was of poor quality. Poverty and joblessness among Native Americans still exist today. 4. Between 1840 and 1860, the United States received its first great wave of immigrants. In Europe as a whole, famine, poor harvests, rising populations, and political unrest ____________________________. In Ireland, a blight attacked the potato crop, and up to 750,000 people starved to death. Many of the survivors emigrated. Today there are about 39 million Americans of Irish descent. 5. During the American Civil War in 1861-65, the federal government __________________________, especially from the German states. In return for service in the Union army, immigrants were offered grants of land. By 1865, about one in five Union soldiers was a wartime immigrant. Today, 22 percent of Americans have German ancestry. 6. Jews came to the United States in large numbers beginning about 1880, a decade in which they ___________________________________. Over the next 45 years, 2 million Jews moved to the United States; the Jewish-American population is now more than 5 million. 7. Among the flood of immigrants to North America, one group came unwillingly. These were Africans, 500,000 of whom were brought over as slaves between 1619 and 1808. Today, African Americans constitute 12.7 percent of the total U.S. population. In recent decades blacks have made great progress, and the black middle class has grown substantially. However the average income of blacks is lower than that of whites, and unemployment of blacks – particularly of young men – remains higher than that of whites. In 1990s many black Americans ___________________________________________________. 8. The number of Hispanics in the United States is about 27 million. About 50 percent of them have origins in Mexico. The other 50 percent ___________________________________, including El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia. Thirty-six percent of Hispanics live in California. Several other states have large Hispanic populations, including Texas, New York, Illinois, and Florida, where hundreds of thousands of Cubans fleeing the Castro regime have settled. 9. Today Asian Americans are one of the fastest-growing ethnic groups in the country, although prior to 1924, U.S. laws ____________________________________. About 10 million people of Asian descent live in the United States. Although most of them have arrived here recently, they are among the most successful of all immigrant groups. They have a higher income than many other ethnic groups, and large numbers of their children study at the best American universities. 9. Work in pairs. How do you understand the word combinations melting pot and salad bowl in paragraph 1? Why have the Americans switched over from the concept of the melting pot to that of the salad bowl? 10. Work in pairs. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two concepts: the melting pot and the salad bowl. How can the American concept be applied in other countries, including Ukraine? 11. Work in pairs. Look through the text again and fill in the table below.
12. Work in pairs. What are the most typical features of American character? Are they related to any historical factors (e.g. the population composition, the immigration background etc). 13. Work in pairs. Read the list of cultural stereotypes, which Spaniards between age 15 and 21 who have never been to the U.S. or who have never had any American friends, might have about Americans. Which of the following are stereotypes and which, if any, are accurate descriptions of American culture? Physical Appearance and Dress Most Americans are very tall with blue eyes and blond hair. All American men are as handsome as movie stars. Men in the U.S. have muscular builds; they resemble Arnold Schwarzenegger or Sylvester Stallone. American men like to wear short, sleeveless T-shirts to show off their physiques. American women are either unusually fat or unusually thin, never of normal build. Women in the U.S. wear a lot of make-up. Americans wear very bright colors and mixed patterns, and they wear summer clothes even in the winter. Americans have no sense of style. The typical American "native dress" is jeans, cowboy boots, and a cowboy hat. Work and Leisure Americans spend almost all day at work; they have very little free time. Although they are extremely punctual and efficient in their jobs, Americans don't consider their work important; family comes first. The first two things an American wants to discuss are salary and age. The two favorite leisure-time activities in the U.S. are movies and rodeos. Young people usually just take walks for fun, because they're not allowed to drink or go to discos. Home Life Most Americans live either in skyscrapers or on farms. In big cities everyone has a large car like a Cadillac, but outside of cities people usually travel on horseback. Americans divorce repeatedly and have very complicated private lives. In marriages in the U.S., the wife always dominates. American cities are so dangerous that a person has a good chance of being killed in the street; therefore, American men either know kung-fu or carry a gun. Food Americans eat almost nothing but hamburgers, hot dogs, popcorn, and Coke. Americans generally eat fast food Monday through Saturday, but never on Sunday. American men are always drinking beer, even at breakfast. American breakfasts are huge. A typical one might consist of eggs, toast, bacon, and pancakes with peanut butter.
Americans speak very quickly and very loudly. They use their hands a lot. Their strange intonation makes their speech sound like singing. American English is extremely difficult to understand because people speak as if they were chewing gum. The typical American is very rude, often putting his feet on a desk or table and frequently belching in public. He yawns a lot, never trying to hide it. In international affairs as in personal life, Americans do whatever they want and don't care what other people think. LISTENING 14. Work in pairs. Write down everything you know about John F. Kennedy, the 35th US President. 15. Match the words in column A with their equivalents in column B. Translate them.
16. Work in pairs. Read the following biographical entries. What is similar and what is different about the life of the four presidents. George Washington (1732-1799), the first US president (1789-1797), led his army to success in the American Revolution. Americans admire him as one of their best and most moral presidents. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), the 3d US president (1801-1809), wrote the Declaration of Independence, bought a huge territory from France that made the USA more than twice as large as it had been. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), the 16,h US president (1861-1865), regarded as US best president, who served through the Civil War, preserved the Union and freed the slaves. He was shot in 1865. John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), the 35th US president (1961-1963), who served through the Cuban missile crisis (1962) and supported the civil rights movement. He was murdered in Dallas in 1963. 17. Read the beginning of the text. What do you think the text is about? On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassin's bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest man elected President; he was the youngest to die. 18. Now listen to the first part of the text about John F. Kennedy. For questions 1 - 29, complete the statements. You will hear the recording twice. John Kennedy is as famous as such former US presidents as … (1), … (2) and … (3). John Kennedy was assassinated in the month of … (4) of the year … (5), just … (6) years and … (7) months after he became President. John Kennedy won his first political election in … (8), when he was … (9) years old. At the age of … (10) he was elected the youngest US President. At the age of … (11) he was the youngest US President to be assassinated. John Kennedy's major personal misfortunes included: • a serious … (12) during World War II; • major … (13) to correct the injury in … (14) another .. (15) in … (16); • his son's … (17), soon after birth. John Kennedy's major personal characteristics included: • he had a keen sense of … (18); • he did not … (19) of what influenced his political decisions; • he often made his political decisions alone after a series of … (20); • he would often discuss political issues with his … (21) Robert; • nobody took part in the whole process of Kennedy's … (22); • Kennedy relied mostly on … (23) in making political decisions.
• why the invasion of the Bay of Pigs in … (23) ended in a … (24); • the Russian attempt to install … (25) in Cuba in … (26); • why the US became more deeply involved in a civil war in … (27); • the background on what led up to the … (28) treaty of 1963; • why NATO was not … (29) very well during his administration; • plans for the alliance for progress in … (30) were more a dream than reality.
Розповідь про американців - це розповідь про імміграцію та різноманітність. У минулому панівною була концепція "плавильного казана", тобто ідея, що іммігранти мають відмовитися від старих звичок і адаптуватися до нового способу життя. Наприклад, як правило, діти іммігрантів вивчали англійську мову, а не мову своїх батьків. Останнім часом, однак, американці почали надавати перевагу концепції "салатниці", тобто збереження етнічних особливостей іммігрантів. Відновилися етнічні групи, які відродили власну спадщину. Діти нових іммігрантів часто виховуються і спілкуються двома мовами. Після відкриття Нового Світу переселенці з європейських країн вирушили за Колумбом, щоб підкорювати Америку, будуючи торгівельні пункти й створюючи колонії. Корінні американці дуже постраждали від напливу іммігрантів. Перехід власності на землю до європейців відбувався шляхом угод, війн, примусу, внаслідок чого індіанці залишали свої землі. Деякі племена боролися зі зброєю в руках, але їх примусово переселяли до резервацій, де землі були неродючі, й індіанці залежали від підтримки уряду. Бідність та безробіття й досі існують серед корінних американців. Голод, бідні врожаї, зростання населення та політична нестабільність в Європі в середині ХІХ-го століття змушували біля 5 мільйонів людей щороку залишали рідні землі. В Ірландії хвороба рослин спричинила загибель врожаю картоплі, внаслідок чого сотні тисяч людей померли з голоду, а інші рятувалися еміграцією до США. Сьогодні приблизно 40 мільйонів американців мають ірландське походження. Під час Американської Громадянської війни федеральний уряд поповнював ряди власної армії, емігрантами з Європи, особливо з Німеччини. У нагороду за службу іммігранти отримували ділянку землі. До 1865 року приблизно 20 відсотків солдатів федеральної армії були іммігрантами часів війни. Сьогодні 22 відсотки американців мають німецьке походження. Переселення великої кількості євреїв до США почалося приблизно наприкінці ХІХ-го століття, коли вони стали зазнавати жорстоких переслідувань у Східній та Центральній Європі. У наступні півстоліття до США переїхали 2 мільйони євреїв. У наші часи єврейсько-американське населення перевищує 5 мільйонів. Пращури сучасних афро-американців прибули до Америки всупереч своєму бажанню, бо були завезені як раби. Рабство було скасоване у 1865 році, однак американські негри продовжували зазнавати дискримінації. У пошуках щастя афро-американці створили внутрішню хвилю імміграції, переїжджаючи до міської Півночі. Але багато з міських негрів не могли знайти роботу; бо мали жити в «гетто». В середині XX сторіччя афро-американці активно вимагали рівних прав. Конгрес США прийняв закон про заборону дискримінації. Сьогодні афро-американці складають 15 відсотків від загального населення США. Однак їхній середній прибуток залишається нижчим, а безробіття - вищим, ніж у білого населення. До того ж багато з них досі ведуть бідне існування на міських околицях, де поширені вживання наркотиків та злочинність. Сьогодні 27 мільйонів мешканців США походять з іспаномовних країн. Біля половини іспаномовних мешканців США походять з Мексики. Решта є вихідцями з інших країн, наприклад, з Ель Сальвадора, Домініканської Республіки та Колумбії. 36 відсотків іспаномовного населення США мешкають у Каліфорнії. Кілька інших штатів, такі як Техас, Нью-Йорк, Іллінойс та Флорида, куди іммігрують сотні тисяч кубинців, що тікають від режиму Кастро, також мають велику кількість іспаномовного населення. До 1924 року закони США забороняли імміграцію з країн Азії. У 1952 році було прийнято нове законодавство, яке дозволяло людям будь-якої раси стати громадянами США. Сьогодні азіатські американці, кількість яких становить близько 10 мільйонів, є громадою, чия чисельність стрімко зростає. Вони мають вищий прибуток, ніж інші етнічні групи, а їхні діти часто навчаються в найкращих університетах США.
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