Методичні вказівки для студентів спеціальностей "Міжнародна інформація" та "Міжнародні економічні відносини" Затверджено на засіданні

1. A. How many regions (oblasts) are there in Ukraine? Choose from the list of the regional capitals below.

B. Some regions have special names that are different from the names of their capitals. Match the names of the regions below with their capitals in exercise 1.

Podniprovya, Zakarpattya, Donbas, Slobozhanshchyna, Sivershchyna, Polissya, Podillya, Volyn, Bukovyna, Prychornomorrya, Halychyna, the Crimea.

C. Like in many other countries, there are unofficial geographic regions in Ukraine. Distribute the oblasts in exercise 1 among the five regions below. Are there any differences between the regions?

A. Black Sea and the Baltic. More than 40 percent of Ukraine's water supply comes directly from the Carpathians.

B nature reserves and more than 100 wildlife refuges. Ukraine has more than 200 species of fish, including pike, carp, and sturgeon.

C Azov-Black Sea Basin. Ukraine also has more than 3,000 natural lakes and about 22,000 artificial reser­voirs. Many sources of mineral water and "medicinal mud" are used to treat many diseases.

D. Danube River provides an outlet for Ukrainian trade with the Balkans, Austria, and Germany.

E The Shatsk Lakes that form part of the Shatskyi National Nature Park (in Polissya, Volyn Oblast) are among them.

F Poland on the west. Ukraine occupies an area of 233,100 square miles (603,700 square km) and its population was 47,5 mln in 2005.

G southern Crimean coast enjoys Mediterranean weather

Ukraine lies in a temperate climatic zone. The climate here is similar to the wheat-producing regions of Canada. It is characterized by abundant precipitation (16 to 24 inches or 400 to 600 mm annually) and cloudy skies, especially in fall and winter. The mean temperature in summer is 67 °F (19 °C) and in winter 21 °F (-6 °C). Although the summers tend to be short, the temperature can rise into the 90's making it uncomfortable, since most buildings have no central cooling systems. The winters can be long and cold, with cloudy skies a norm. The __________________________.

Ukraine occupies a large portion of the East European Plain. It has a complex geology with a rich variety of scenery and impressive contrasts in topography. Plains, with fertile black soil exceptionally well-suited for grain farming, dominate the landscape with mountainous areas accounting for only five percent of the country: the Carpathian Mountains are in the west and there are low mountains in the Crimean Peninsula. The Carpathian Mountains are the backbone of Central and Eastern Europe, stretching across seven countries, and forming the bridge between Europe's northern forests and those to the south and west, as well as being a vital catchment area for the whole region. The area receives twice the rainfall of surrounding areas, and it is this freshwater that feeds the major rivers – the Danube and the Vistula - flowing to the______________________.

The Dnipro (Dnieper), about 980 km (610 miles) in length, Ukraine's longest and Europe's third largest river, flows through the country's central part and forms its main river network. More than half of Ukraine's rivers belong to this system. The Dnipro is extensively dammed along much of its course for hydroelectric and irrigation purposes. Other major rivers are the Dniester, the Bug, and the Southern Bug, all draining southward through the plains to empty into the_____________________________________________.

The vast water supply in the forest-steppe areas supports vast grasslands and mature forest, and in them, 45,000 species of animals. Wildlife such as elk, deer, wild boars, brown bears, wolves and birds such as vultures, steppe eagles and herons are found throughout the country. Beaver, lynx, elk, and muskrats are protected in________________________.

Ukraine has a good geographical position for trade. The Dnipro with its many tributaries unifies central Ukraine economically, connecting the Baltic coast countries with the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. The mouth of the____________________________________________________.

• The countries and seas that Ukraine is bordered by - Belarus,

• The territory of Ukraine -

• The population of Ukraine -

• The climate of Ukraine - temperate climatic zone,

• The relief of Ukraine - occupies a large portion of the East European Plain,

• The waterways of Ukraine - the Carpathians - over 40 % of Ukraine's water supply,

• The wildlife of Ukraine - grasslands,

• The geographical position of Ukraine – The Dnipro and tributaries unifies central Ukraine economically,
4. For questions 1-21, read the text below and then decide which word in the table under the text best fits each space. The exercise begins with an example (0).

Example

0

A

Ukraine has a … (0) agriculture. The belt of mixed forest and steppe … (1) west-east across south-central Ukraine has … (2) black soils whose intense … (3) has made the country a … (4) producer of winter wheat and sugar beets. Other … (5) include sunflower seeds, corn (maize), potatoes, grapes, oats, rye, millet, and buckwheat. Fruits and vegetables are … (6) on the outskirts of cities, and cattle and pigs are … (7) throughout the country.

This is a semi-formal piece of writing in which advantages of visiting a particular area are described and highlighted. This type of essay usually has three parts: (1) an introduction (paragraph 1) where you identify the area you are going to describe and explain your reasons for choosing it; (2) a main body (2 paragraphs) where you describe what people can see and do there; (3) a conclusion (paragraph 4) where you give a recommendation and/or describe your feelings and thoughts about the place.

(1) Do not use very formal language; (2) Use polite and respectful language; (3) Use various adjectives and adverbs to make your essay more interesting; (4) Refer to the senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) to make your essay more vivid; (5) Use present tenses to describe the place; (6) Use first [if... / .. .will] and second [if (past simple)... / ...would] conditionals to describe the ideal place.

To introduce the topic, name the area, its location and the reasons you have chosen it: Set in ... it is a large/ attractive/international... It is situated in... It is one of the biggest attractions in ... Every summer thousands of people...

To describe the place, supply some information about the general look and specific details (sights, shops, eating places, night clubs, facilities): There are several tourist attractions... The church is certainly worth visiting... It's a must... The places of interest range from … to ... The area is also well-known for ...

To introduce the conclusion, supply comments, feelings and/or recommendations: It has something to offer to everyone... . It is an exceptional place... . You may get tired, but you '11 never get bored... . Whether you want to … or …, this place is an ideal choice to … .

To use senses: Guests can be watching the sunset from the balcony... . Guests can hear the murmur of the sea from their rooms... . You'll enjoy the aroma of the exotic flowers ... . Have a glass of the original local wine...Enjoy the satin touch of the warm sea... .
6. Read the model information sheet and match the headings (A - G) in the box with the paragraphs (1 - 6). There is one extra heading, which you do not have to use. When you finish, write the conclusive part of the leaflet with the help of useful phrases given above.

A. The Highest in Ukraine B. The 700-year-old Castle C. Europe's Longest and Largest D. Welcoming Culture E. Millennium City F. Cowboys and Hungarian Cuisine G. The Center of Europe

1. The Zakarpattya (Transcarpathian) region in southwestern Ukraine, the geographic center of Europe, has long been a crossroads for European traders and conquering armies. The land has been fought over since before the time of the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, but today this region boasts a unique ethnic diversity.

2. The regional capital, Uzhgorod, an ancient city of 125,000, is situated near the confluence of the Hungar­ian, Slovak and Ukrainian borders and was first mentioned in Hungarian chronicles in 872. The historic city center features a well-preserved 10th-century castle with two inner courtyards. Nearby Kafedralny Sobor (Cathedral), formerly a Jesuit monastery and now a Ukrainian Catholic church dating from 1646, adds to the downtown's splendor.

3. Cross the Uzh River on a pedestrian footbridge and walk along Europe's longest linden-lined river em­bankment, Naberezhna Nezalezhnosti, which lies on the north side of the water. From there head to the Cross – the intersection of Voloshna and Corso Streets - near which is a major international bazaar called the Corso. At the eastem (upriver) end of the same embankment are the University Botanical Gardens, with the castle and cathedral close by. Also in the neighborhood is the Museum of Folk Architecture and Folkways. Uzhansky National Park is part of a UNESCO-supported project helping protect Europe's largest stand of beech forest and other plant and wildlife.

4. Mukachevo, the second-largest city in the region, lies 40 km from the Hungarian border, but also boasts a long history, with a complex ethnic makeup. Situated on the Latorytsya River, this town of 90,000 features the 14th-century Palanok Castle, once the seat of Old Slavic, Hungarian and Transylvanian knights and now operat­ing as a history museum. Also of note are St. Nicholas', a Ukrainian Baroque church and the 18th-century White Palace.

5. Aside from towns such as Rakhiv in eastern Zakarpattya, near which stands the marker denoting the geo­graphic center of Europe, Zakarpattya region also boasts Mt. Hoverla, at 2,061 meters the highest peak in Ukraine, and Synevyr National Park, home to Lake Synevyr, one of Ukraine's few alpine lakes. Camping is encouraged, with many campgrounds catering to eager naturists.

6. Kaktus, a cowboy-themed restaurant in central Uzhgorod, tends to be popular thanks to its good Hungar­ian dishes, which have country and western names. Local bands often play in the restaurant, making it a good bet for live entertainment.

Foros is Crimea's southernmost resort town, jutting out into the mind-blowingly blue local waters. The name translates from Greek as 'favourable wind'. Foros is always blessed with a nice breeze, bringing the scent of sun-drenched pines down off the stunning mountains, and the smell of salt up from the sea. The most striking thing in Foros is the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, a jewel of a building perched on a hill 412 meters above the sea. Take the winding road to the church and you'll see lovely mosaics and dizzy-making Black Sea views. Until 1969, the church was a snack bar for visiting tourists. Foros is also the site of the dacha where Mikhail Gorbachev, the first and the last Soviet president, was held under house arrest during the failed hard-line coup in 1991. Now it's an official residence of the Ukrainian president. It's right next to the lovely old Foros Lighthouse. You can't visit the latter, because it's an official strategic point, but it's worth driving around and checking out. Foros' Cape Savych is Crimea's southernmost point. If you want to swim to Turkey, here's where to start from. It's only 263 kilometers to the north Turkish coast.

This is cool: a wild and pristine barrier island off the south coast of mainland Ukraine, west of the north­ern end of Ctirnea. No, it's not technically Crimea, but being in Kherson oblast, it's close enough, and it's good. Dzharylgach is for campers. Sleep out on the lovely sand flats, listening to the movement of the fragrant air. If you believe the reports, wild horses and sheep can be found on the island – but to see them, you'll have to backpack into the island's interior. Dzharylgach is also for swimmers, because it's got nice beaches with soft yellow sand. Which, of course, sets it apart from Crimea, the narrow, rocky beaches of which are probably the worst thing about it. There's great diving off Dzharylgach, and try the roasted tiny fish available from the cafe near the boat landing.

This sanatorium town has been settled for 25 centuries. Now it's a great place to visit not only if you want water, sun, and huge pale-blue summer skies, but also if you are enthused by the Black Sea region's ancient history – Tatar remnants rub up here against bits of the area's Greek, Roman and Russian imperial past. Yevpatoria was also a center for the Karaites, the Turkish people who accepted Judaism as their religion, and who made their sometimes ghostly mark around the peninsula. It's the Karaite traces that will perhaps be most compelling to ama­teur archeologists. You'll have to take a look at the Karaite temple, known as a kenas. There's an unearthly quiet here: grapevines hang from the ceiling, and water murmurs in delicate fountains. On the temple grounds you'll find Caraman, a cafe that serves Karaite cuisine. Try the nakhut-ashi, a soup made out of peas and mutton, or a pilaf of mutton and prunes.

Україна межує з Росією на півночі та сході, Білоруссю на півночі, Польщею, Угорщиною та Словач­чиною на заході, Молдовою та Румунією на південному заході. На півдні Україна омивається Чорним та Азовським морями. Гирло Дунаю – це вікно для української торгівлі в Австрії та Німеччині, а по Чорному морю можна потрапити на Балкани і далі до Середземного моря. Дніпро, старовинний шлях від Балтій­ського до Чорного моря, економічно об'єднує центральну Україну. Україна розташована в помірній кліма­тичній зоні, відзначається значними опадами та переважно хмарним небом взимку, хоча на півдні є зона, для якої є характерною середземноморська погода.

Розташування на Східноєвропейській рівнині визначає переважний рельєф країни - лише на заході знаходимо гористу місцевість - Карпатські гори, хребет Східної та Центральної Європи, і її головна водозабірна площа, що має вдвічі більше опадів, порівняно з навколишніми районами та живить прісною водою річки усього регіону. Карпати простягаються через пів Європи. Невисокі Кримські гори розташовані на Південному березі Криму, для якого є характерною складна геологія та вражаючі топографічні контрасти. Степова та лісостепова зони мають родючі чорноземи і є зерновими районами, бо сприятливі для вирощування зерна. Східні райони, особливо Донецький басейн, мають великі запаси корисних копалин, навколо яких концентрується промислове виробництво в таких центрах, як Донецьк, Луганськ, Запоріжжя. На заході (Полісся, Волинь) та на півдні є чимало національних парків та природних заповідників, що відзначаються розмаїттям мальовничої природи, зокрема Шацький національний природний парк, Карпатський біосферний заповідник, біосферний заповідник "Асканія Нова", Чорноморський біосферний заповідник та Дунайський біосферний заповідник. В природних заповідниках та заказниках дикої природи можна знайти як луки, так і дорослий ліс, а також різноманітні види тварин.

Водні шляхи України - це передусім загачений греблями по всьому руслі Дніпро з притоками, що утворює цілу мережу річок, а також Буг, Південний Буг, Дунай, Дністер, які усі течуть у південному на­прямку і впадають в Чорноморсько-Азовський басейн. Крім них є багато природних озер та штучних ре­зервуарів, джерел мінеральної води і лікувальних грязей.

Україна має розвинуте сільське господарство, що застосовує інтенсивну обробку родючих чорнозе­мів. Внаслідок цього країна є потужним виробником рослинних культур, серед яких озима пшениця, жито, просо, овес, гречка, кукурудза, насіння соняшника, цукровий буряк. Населення також вирощує велику ро­гату худобу та свиней, навіть у передмісті.

Україна є також потужною промисловою державою з багатими запасами мінеральних покладів, таких як антрацитове вугілля, бітумінозне вугілля, залізна руда, марганцеві руди, нікель, уран тощо. Безпосеред­ня наближеність сировини до переробних підприємств сприяла розвитку таких галузей, як гірничодобув­на, хімічна, пов'язана з чорними металами, харчова переробна, важка, металургійна та інші. Промислові центри країни, її індустріальне серце, розташоване на південному сході, де виробляють товари тривалого користування, добрива, паливо і бензин, залізо і сталь, металургійне та гірничодобувне устаткування, сірчану кислоту тощо. Україна мала значні запаси природного газу, але вони були значною мірою виснажені за радянських часів.

Високі темпи зростання промислової продукції, пов'язані зі зміною форм власності, спричинили підвищення продуктивності і збільшення обсягу випуску продукції, але одночасно створили низку про­блем для довкілля – забруднення повітря та питної води, руйнівний вплив забруднювачів на здоров'я лю­дей тощо. Широкі кола громадськості усвідомили необхідність захисту оточуючого середовища, створи­ли організації захисників довкілля, які, в свою чергу, запропонували програми збереження природи, що ґрунтуються на екологічних міркуваннях, встановлюють контроль за забрудненням, переробкою відходів, а також звертають увагу на*брак законодавчої бази, яка через відповідні постанови встановила б суворий контроль за введенням нових технологій, які не шкодять довкіллю.