Нормандская знать в англии, 1066-1100 гг.: Проблемы идентичности

6 Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, gives the synodal dues from the church of Saint-Michel to the abbey of Saint-Léger de Préaux // Ibidem. P. 634. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в копии XVII в.; Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, grants to the abbey of Saint-Désir de Lisieux the church and tithe of Jort, which he had bought for nine livres from Robert son of Nigel with the consent of his brothers // Ibidem. P. 635-636. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картулярии конца XI в., копиях XIV и XIX вв.; Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, donates one acre of land at Bonneville-[sur-Touques] to the priory of Saint-Martin du Bosc, while a certain Herbert gave a virgate of land with the permission of the bishop, his lord // Ibidem. P. 637. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картулярии XIII в., а также в виде копий XVI и XVIII вв.; A notice that Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, has acquired half the church of Vieux-Pont-en-Auge for the nuns of Saint-Désir de Lisieux, with the revenue of the altar, crops, wine, first fruits, burials… // Ibidem. P. 638-639. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картулярии конца XI в., копиях XIV и XIX вв.

1 Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, grants the abbey of Saint-Étienne de Caen the right of synod and circata from the part of the church of Notre-Dame de Baupte, which belongs to the fief of Eudo the vicomte // Ibidem. P. 622-624. По-видимому, является оригиналом, составлена в конце XI в., имеются копия с этого оригинала, а также копии XV в., XVII в., три копии XVIII в., копии XIX и XX вв.

2 A charter of Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, which, issued towards the end of his life, seeks to protect the possessions of the church of Coutances, and threatens all those who would try to violate or reduce these goods with eternal damnation // Ibidem. P. 627-628. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в виде копий XVII в. и двух копий XIX в.

3 Hugh [of Saint-Denis], archbishop of Rouen, at the request of Galon, abbot of Saint- Germain des Prés, gives to this monastery the church of Saint-Godard de Longuesseen-Vexin // Ibidem. P. 641-643. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в копиях XVIII и XIX вв. Также см.: John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, confirms for the monks of Marmoutier their use of certain benefices at Gisors relating to the casamentum of the cathedral // Ibidem. P. 676-677: ego Iohannes, divina ordinante providentia Rotomagensis ecclesiae episcopus. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в трех копиях XVIII в.; John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, grants to William, abbot of Saint-Denis, and his monks, the altars of five churches in the Vexin… // Ibidem. P. 680-687: ego Iohannes, licet peccator indignus, tamen sanctae matris aecclesiae Rotomagensis archiepiscopus. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в виде копии XVIII в.

4 William Bona Anima, archbishop of Rouen, confirms the grant to the abbey of Jumièges of the church and tithes of Croix-Mare by William de Vatteville and his wife, which is to be used to feed the poor // Ibidem. P. 705-706: ego Willelmus archiepiscopus. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картулярии XVI в., копиях XVII в., двух копиях XVII или XVIII вв., копии XVIII в. и двух копиях XIX в.

5 Ivo, bishop of Sées, consents to the purchase by Avesgaud, abbot of Saint-Vincent du Mans, of the church of Courgains from William vicario, son of Berald de Bellême // Ibidem. P. 720-722. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в копиях XVII, XVIII и трех копиях XIX вв.

6 Robert de Ryes, bishop of Sées, recognises that the priory of Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Bellême is free from episcopal interference… // Ibidem. P. 731-732. Оригинальная грамота; A notice concerning the privileges of the collegiate church of Saint-Léonard de Bellême, and the priory of Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Bellême // Ibidem. P. 738-739. Оригинал, также известны две копии XVII в., копия XVIII в. и одна копия XIX в.

1 Ivo, bishop of Sées, grants to the abbey of Saint-Père de Chartres all the rights that he, his archdeacon, and his dean possess over the church of Planches // Ibidem. P. 728. Оригинальная грамота.

2 Allen R. The Norman Episcopate, 989-1110. Glasgow, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 515.

3 A charter of Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, which, issued towards the end of his life, seeks to protect the possessions of the church of Coutances, and threatens all those who would try to violate or reduce these goods with eternal damnation // Allen R. The Norman Episcopate, 989-1110. Glasgow, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 627-628.

4 Robert, archbishop of Rouen, gives to the abbey of Saint-Wandrille the tithe of the part that he receives for large fish (perhaps whales or porpoise) caught on the banks of Saint-Marcouf, a hospes at [Saint-Martin-de]-Varreville, and the tithe of the sheep and pigs fed in this same place // Ibidem. P. 658-659. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картуляриях XIV и XV вв., а также двух копиях XVII в., копии XVIII в. и одной копии XIX в.

5 John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, assembled with the king and his suffragans in council at Rouen, heard the petition of Roger de Mortemer and his wife concerning the priory of Saint-Victor-en-Caux // Ibidem. P. 688-691. По-видимому, является оригинальной, составлена в середине XII в., также имеются три копии XIV в., две копии XVII в., пять копий XVIII в. и две копии XIX в.

1 A ‘life-lease’ agreement between Hugh, bishop of Avranches, and John of Ravenna, abbot of Fecamp, which states that during his life the bishop will enjoy the use of the tithe of Ryes and a manse of ten acres attached to the abbey of Fecamp, but that after his death these goods will be returned to the abbey // Ibidem. P. 534-535.

2 A pancarte issued by John [of Ivry], bishop of Avranches, listing his cathedral’s possessions // Ibidem. P. 536-539.

3 Michael, bishop of Avranches, secures a grant made to the cathedral of Avranches by his predecessor, John // Ibidem. P. 547-548.

4 A charter of Odo, bishop of Bayeux, which records that he has bought Carneville for his cathedral church from Herbert d’Agneaux, with the consent of Herbert’s lord Rodulf de Conches-[en-Ouche] // Ibidem. P. 586.

1 Ibidem.

2 Ibidem. P. 587.

3 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, grants to the abbey of Saint-Benigne de Dijon, and its abbot Gerento, the abbey of Saint-Vigor-[le-Grand] with all its appurtenances // Ibidem. P. 612. Оригинальная грамота, также сохранилась в картулярии XII в., и в виде двух копий XVII в. и трех копий XVIII в.

1 A fragmentary text, which relates that on the day Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, blessed his cathedral’s crucifix, he donated to the common possessions of the canons of Coutances the manor of Winterborne Stickland (Dorset) // Ibidem. P. 620.

2 No. 103. Coutances, cathedral and see. 1066 × 1087 // RRAN: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087. P. 379.

3 Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, grants the abbey of Saint-Etienne de Caen the right of synod and circata from the part of the church of Notre-Dame de Baupte, which belongs to the fief of Eudo the vicomte // Allen R. The Norman Episcopate, 989-1110. Glasgow, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 623. По-видимому, оригинал конца XI в., также известны современная копия с этого оригинала, копии XV в., XVII в., три копии XVIII в., копия XIX в. и одна копия XX в.

4 Ibidem. P. 623-624.

5 Ibidem. P. 624.

6 Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, grants to the abbey of Saint-Desir de Lisieux the church and tithe of Jort, which he had bought for nine livres from Robert son of Nigel with the consent of his brothers. The gift was also confirmed by Duke William // Ibidem. P. 636.

7 A notice that Hugh, bishop of Lisieux, has acquired half the church of Vieux-Pont-en-Auge for the nuns of Saint-Desir de Lisieux… // Ibidem. P. 638.

8 Ibidem.

1 Ivo, bishop of Sées, grants to the abbey of Saint-Père de Chartres all the rights that he, his archdeacon, and his dean possess over the church of Planches // Ibidem. P. 730. Оригинальная грамота.

2 Robert de Ryes, bishop of Sees, recognises that the priory of Saint-Martin-du-Vieux-Belleme is free from episcopal interference in return for a pound of incense and a pound of spice, which are to be given to the bishop each year on the feast day of SS. Gervais and Protais // Ibidem. P. 731.

3 Ivo, bishop of Sees, Roger [II de Montgommery] and his wife Mabel [de Belleme] refound the abbey of Saint-Martin de Sees, which since ancient times had been under the monastic rule // Ibidem. P. 726. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в двух картуляриях XIII в., двух копиях XVII в., двух копиях XVIII в.и четырех копиях XIX в.

4 Two versions of a memorandum describing a plea between the canons of Saint-Leonard de Belleme and Robert, bishop of Sees // Ibidem. P. 735. Оригинал, известны современная копия, а также сокращенная копия XVIII в. и копия XIX в.

5 Ibidem. P. 736.

1 Notice that Simon, son of Rodulf [IV], count [of Amiens-Valois-Vexin], has restored the land of Gisors to Rouen cathedral, which his father had received from Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, to hold during his lifetime // Ibidem. P. 694-695: anno ducatus Guillelmi .xli. regni. Оригинальная грамота, также известна копия XIX в.; William Bona Anima, archbishop of Rouen, confirms the grant to the abbey of Jumièges of the church and tithes of Croix-Mare by William de Vatteville and his wife, which is to be used to feed the poor // Ibidem. P. 705-706: confirmante Willelmo rege Anglorum, anno XVIII regni eius; Ego Willelmus rex per hoc signum + confirmo; A charter of William Bona Anima, archbishop of Rouen, granting to Anselm, abbot of Bec, and his monks exemption for the parishioners of Bec from all episcopal dues // Ibidem. P. 709-711: Vuillelmi regis Anglorum. Оригинал утерян, известны две копии XVII в.

2 Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, gives to the monks of Saint-Père de Chartres the toll for wine at Les Andelys // Ibidem. P. 674. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в двух картуляриях XII в., также известны две копии XVII и две копии XVIII вв.

3 William, archbishop of Rouen, grants to the abbey of Saint-Étienne de Caen the right of synod // Ibidem. P. 708. По-видимому, является оригиналом конца XI в., также известны современная копия, копия в картулярии XII-XIII вв., копия XV в., две копии XVII в., две копии XVIII в., три копии XIX в. и сокращенная копия XX в.

4 Notice that Simon, son of Rodulf [IV], count [of Amiens-Valois-Vexin], has restored the land of Gisors to Rouen cathedral, which his father had received from Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, to hold during his lifetime // Ibidem. P. 695.

1 A charter of William Bona Anima, archbishop of Rouen, granting to Anselm, abbot of Bec, and his monks exemption for the parishioners of Bec from all episcopal dues // Ibidem. P. 710-711: tempore videlicet Roberti comitis filii Vuillelmi regis Anglorum; S. Rotberti comitis Normanniae.

2 John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, grants to William, abbot of Saint-Denis, and his monks, the altars of five churches // Ibidem. P. 685-687: et filiis et pluribus curialibus aliis; Record of the settlement reached in the presence of the king and queen concerning land at Martin-Église, which was disputed between William [Bona Anima], archbishop of Rouen, and Walter II Giffard and William son of Godfrey // Ibidem. P. 703-704: et filiis, Rob(erto) videlicet comite. Оригинал утерян, сохранилась в картулярии XIII в. и в виде двух копия XIX в. (одна – плохого качества).

3 John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, confirms for the monks of Marmoutier their use of certain benefices at Gisors relating to the casamentum of the cathedral // Ibidem. P. 677.

4 John [of Ivry], archbishop of Rouen, grants to William, abbot of Saint-Denis, and his monks, the altars of five churches in the Vexin… // Ibidem. P. 686.

5 Notice that Simon, son of Rodulf [IV], count [of Amiens-Valois-Vexin], has restored the land of Gisors to Rouen cathedral, which his father had received from Maurilius, archbishop of Rouen, to hold during his lifetime // Ibidem. P. 695.

6 Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087 / Ed. by D. Bates. Oxford, 1998.

7 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff and the other faithful French and English men of the king that he has granted in perpetuity to Christ Church, Canterbury, all the houses he holds in Sandwich and all the customs which he has in the same vill // Allen R. The Norman Episcopate, 989-1110. Glasgow, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 579; A bilingual act in which Odo, bishop of Bayeux, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff, and all the king’s faithful men of Kent that he has granted four denes of Land at Losenham… // Ibidem. P. 581; Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff, and the other faithful French and English men of the king that he has given all his houses and customs in Fordwich to the abbey of St Augustine’s, Canterbury // Ibidem. P. 585.

1 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, grants to the abbey of St Augustine’s, Canterbury half the vill of Plumstead (Kent) and has restored Estmedetune… // Ibidem. P. 583; Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff, and the other faithful French and English men of the king that he has given all his houses and customs in Fordwich to the abbey of St Augustine’s, Canterbury // Ibidem. P. 585.

2 См. напр.: No. 67. Canterbury, cathedral and see 8 April 1072×27 May 1072 // RRAN: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087 / Ed. by D. Bates. Oxford, 1998. P. 307-310; No. 68. Canterbury, cathedral and see 27 May 1072. Windsor // Ibidem. P. 311-314.

3 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff and the other faithful French and English men of the king that he has granted in perpetuity to Christ Church, Canterbury… // Allen R. The Norman Episcopate, 989-1110. Glasgow, 2009. Vol. 2. P. 579; Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent, notifies Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, Haimo the sheriff, and the other faithful French and English men of the king that he has given all his houses and customs in Fordwich to the abbey of St Augustine’s, Canterbury // Ibidem. P. 585; Odo, bishop of Bayeux, notifies Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester, Urse, sheriff of Worcestershire, Durand, sheriff of Gloucestershire and Walter, sheriff of Warwickshire… // Ibidem. P. 588.

4 No. 77. Canterbury, cathedral and see (1066 × 1087. Westminster) // RRAN: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087 / Ed. by D. Bates. Oxford, 1998. P. 336-337.

5 W(illelmus) rex Angl(orum) omnibus vicecomitibus et prepositis anglicis et francigenis ubicunque monachi de sancta Trinitate Cant(uariensis) terras habent salutem (Ibidem. P. 336).

6 No. 67. Canterbury, cathedral and see 8 April 1072×27 May 1072 // RRAN: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087 / Ed. by D. Bates. Oxford, 1998. P. 307-310; No. 68. Canterbury, cathedral and see 27 May 1072. Windsor // Ibidem. P. 311-314.

1 См. напр.: No. 133. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin (1070 × 1078. Winchester) // Ibidem. P. 455-456. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.; No. 127. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda // Ibidem. P. 438-439. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях начала XIII в., а также картулярии XIV в.

2 No. 126. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1087, and perhaps 1085 × 1087 // Ibidem. P. 436-437; No. 134. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1078 × 1082/3, and possibly 1078 × 1080/1 // Ibidem. P. 457-458. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.

3 No. 135. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1078 × 1082/3, and possibly 1078 × 1080/1 // Ibidem. P. 459.

4 No. 117. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1071 × 1075 // Ibidem. P. 410-417: pontifices Gosfridus et Remigius, consul vero Walthews, necnon vicecomites Picotus atque Ilbertus, iussu Willelmi Dei dispositione Anglorum regis. Сохранилась в виде копия конца XII в. и начала XIV в.

5 No. 119. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1083, and perhaps late 1082 or early 1083 // Ibidem. P. 421-422. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в виде копии XIV в.; No. 123. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1087, and perhaps 1081/2 × 1083 // Ibidem. P. 431-432. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в виде копии XIV в.

6 No. 120. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1083 (before 18 July) // Ibidem. P. 423-425. Возможно, является оригиналом, сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., трех картуляриях XIII в., а также копии XIV в.; No. 121. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1086, but perhaps 1070 × 1086 // Ibidem. P. 426-427. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в виде копии начала XIV в.; No. 124. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1087; possibly 1081/2 × 1083 // Ibidem. P. 433. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в виде копии XIV в.; No. 125. Ely, abbey of St Etheldreda 1081/2 × 1087 // Ibidem. P. 434-435. Сохранилась в трех картуляриях XII в., двух картуляриях XIII в., а также в виде копии XIV в.

7 No. 132. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1066 × 1078 // Ibidem. P. 453-454: W(lstano) episcopo. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.; No. 133. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin (1070 × 1078. Winchester) // Ibidem. P. 455-456: W(lstano) episcopo de Wiricestre. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.; No. 135. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1078 × 1082/3, and possibly 1078 × 1080/1 // Ibidem. P. 459: Wlstano episcopo; No. 136. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1066 × 1086, and most possibly 1078 × 1086 // Ibidem. P. 460-461: Wlstano episcopo. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.; No. 137. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1080 × 1087, and possibly 1086 × 1087 // Ibidem. P. 462: Wl(stano) episcopo. Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в.

8 No. 131. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin (1066 × 1078. Possibly, 1068, 1069, 1072, or 1073, or 1076 in the spring. Winchester) // Ibidem. P. 449-452: Ab’elw(ino) abb(at)i de Euesh(am). Сохранилась в картулярии XIII в., известна также неполная копия XVII в.

1 См. напр.: No. 136. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1066 × 1086, and most possibly 1078 × 1086 // Ibidem. P. 460-461.

2 No. 135. Evesham, abbey of St Mary and St Ecgwin 1078 × 1082/3, and possibly 1078 × 1080/1 // Ibidem. P. 459.

3 Грамоты № 220-222 в издании RRAN (RRAN: The Acta of William I, 1066-1087 / Ed. by D. Bates. Oxford, 1998.).

4 Грамоты № 183-191 в издании RRAN.

5 Грамоты № 345-350 в издании RRAN.

6 Confirmation by Thomas I, archbishop of York, of the privileges of the church of Durham. 1083-1085 // Early Yorkshire Charters / Ed. by W. Farrer, Edinburgh, 1915. Vol. II. P. 262. Аутентичность грамоты является спорной, хранится в Дареме. Известна копия XIX в.

7 Ibidem. P. 263.

8 Ibidem. P. 264.

9 Ibidem. P. 263.

10 Grant by William, bishop of Durham, to the prior and monks of St. Cuthbert's, Durham, of the churches of (North) Allerton, Sigston and Brompton with the tithes. Dec. 1091 // Early Yorkshire Charters / Ed. by W. Farrer, Edinburgh, 1915. Vol. II. P. 266-268. По-видимому, является копией с оригинальной грамоты.

11 Notitia of a grant by Odo, count (of Champagne), to the abbey of St. Mary, York, of the manor in Holderness called Hornsea with tithe offish. 1087-1095 // Early Yorkshire Charters / Ed. by W. Farrer, Edinburgh, 1916. Vol. III. P. 26. Сохранилась в картулярии аббатства Сент-Мэри в Йорке.

1 ‘The Institutio Osmundi’ // Statutes of Lincoln Cathedral / Ed. by H. Bradshaw and C. Wordsworth. Lincoln, 1897. Vol. II. P. 7-8: ego Osmundus episcopus eiusdum ecclesie in nomine sancte Trinitatis anno ab incarnatione domini millesimo xci, institui simul et concessi personis et canonicis eiusdem ecclesie, participato dominorum archiepiscopi et aliorum coepiscoporum nostrorum consilio quorum nomina subscripta sunt, et domini regis Willielmi. Самая ранняя копия относится к XIV в.

2 Ibidem. P. 10.

1 Губогло М.Н. Идентификация идентичности: Этносоциологические очерки. М., 2003. С. 196-198.

2 Л.П. Репина называет эту категорию «феодальными элитами» (в этом усматривается влияние «теории элит»), а М.М. Горелов считает, что «носителем идеалов восставших была знать». См.: Репина Л.П. Феодальные элиты и процесс этнической консолидации в средневековой Англии // Социальная идентичность средневекового человека. М., 2007. С. 234-243; Горелов М.М. Датское и нормандское завоевания Англии в XI в. СПб., 2007. С. 148.

3 Репина Л.П. Феодальные элиты и процесс… С. 237.

4 Следует особо отметить, что не вся англосаксонская знать была замещена новой нормандской аристократией, а лишь ее верхушка, высший слой. Л.П. Репина, применительно к Датскому завоеванию Англии отмечает, что «до полного замещения местной феодальной элиты дело не дошло», однако этот тезис мы находим справедливым применительно и к последствиям Нормандского завоевания. М.М. Горелов говорит об уничтожении англосаксонской знати и «разорении населения, порой граничившим с тотальным физическим истреблением». По его мнению, «иноземная элита, вытеснившая в ходе завоевания англосаксонскую, встала у руля управления английским государством, «впитав» в себя остатки англосаксонской знати…, новая, англо-нормандская знать… через два-три поколения была уже не столько нормандской, сколько английской по своему этническому самосознанию». Специфика англо-нормандской социально-экономической и политической системы (сильная королевская власть) нашла свое наиболее яркое выражение в Солсберийской присяге 1086 г., когда все вассалы короля принесли ему личную присягу, нарушив тем самым бытовавшее на континенте правило «вассал моего вассала – не мой вассал». См.: Репина Л.П. Феодальные элиты и процесс… С. 237, Горелов. М.М. Датское и нормандское завоевания Англии в XI в. С. 154, 158.

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