Пособие состоит из 16 уроков и трех дополнительных разделов. Каждый урок рассчитан на работу в течение 4-5 часов аудиторных занятий



Pdf көрінісі
бет17/49
Дата03.05.2023
өлшемі2.09 Mb.
#473157
1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   ...   49
Geography-Kozlova (1)

7 Lesson 7 The Earth 
7.1 Words and word combinations to the text 
sphere – сфера, шар 
spheroid – сфероид 
pole – полюс 
layer – оболочка 
atmosphere – атмосфера 
hydrosphere – гидросфера 
lithosphere – литосфера 
liquid – жидкий 
crust – земная кора 
mantle – мантия 
boundary – граница 
granite – гранит 
sedimentary rocks – осадочные породы 
silicate rocks – силикатные породы 
basalt – базальт 
density – плотность 
property - свойство 
radioactivity – радиоактивность 
lead – свинец 
uranium – уран 
to yield – давать 
approximately – приблизительно 
7.2 Find Russian equivalents to the following word combinations 
to compare with 
масса Земли 
a tiny speck 
различные свойства 
the mass of earth 
период времени 
rigid shell 
дно (ложа) океана 
the ocean floor 
газообразное состояние 
the earth’s interior 
сравнивать с … 
different properties 
твердая оболочка 
length of time 
gaseous state 
liquid state 
solid state 
крошечная частица 
внутренняя часть Земли 
твёрдое состояние 
жидкое состояние 


34
7.3 Read and translate the text 
The Earth 
Our planet on which we live, the earth seems to be a very large body. But 
compared with quite an ordinary star, like the sun the earth is only a tiny speck in the 
universe. The earth is not a true sphere but a spheroid flattened at the poles so that the 
axis on which it rotates is shorter by 27 miles than the equatorial diameter. The outer 
layers of the earth are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and the lithosphere. The 
atmosphere, the outermost layer, is the envelope of gases that surrounds the earth. 
The hydrosphere includes all the bodies of water on the earth in gaseous, liquid, and 
solid states. It makes up only 0.02 per cent of the mass of the earth. 
The three major parts of the earth are the crust, 
the mantle, and the core. The outermost more or 
less rigid shell covering the earth constitutes the 
earth’s crust. It includes the rocks of the 
continents as well as the rocks beneath the ocean 
floor. The lower boundary of the crust is 20 to 25 
miles beneath the surface of the continents and 
only about 4 miles beneath the ocean. The 
continents are made up of a rock type known as 
granite covered by a thin layer of sedimentary 
rocks, and underlain by basalt, while the floor of 
all ocean basins is mostly underlain by basalt with 
a thin layer of sedimentary rocks above. 
The mantle composed of materials much denser 
than those making up the crust extends to a depth of 1800 miles, its density 
increasing with depth. It is believed to consist of dunite or some closely allied 
ultrabasic silicate rock. 
Figure 
The core of the earth seems to consist of two parts having different properties. 
The outer core, more than 1,000 miles thick below the mantle behaves like a liquid. 
The inner core, 18 times as dense as water, behaves like a solid, although its 
temperature may be as high as that at the surface of the sun. 
How old is the earth? The discovery of radioactivity around 1900 gave the 
scientists a new means of estimating the age of the earth. All naturally radioactive 
elements are known to change finally into lead. One gram of uranium will yield
1/7 000 000 000 of a gram of lead a year. Thus by measuring the amount of lead 
present in rocks containing uranium we can estimate how much radioactive change 
occurred and what length of time needed for this change. The oldest rock so far 
discovered has been dated at about 3.7 billion years old. We know the earth was 
formed earlier than that and astronomers believe it to have been approximately 4.5 
billion years ego. 


Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   ...   49




©dereksiz.org 2024
әкімшілігінің қараңыз

    Басты бет