Р. П. Мильруд Доктор педагогических наук, профессор кафедры иностранных языков



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English for researches (2)

White-Collar Crime 
offices department 
stores 
perpetrators 
internal security systems 
You may decide that “Internal Security Systems to Prevent White-Collar Crime” is a subject you want to investi-
gate. 
14. Use method of free association to formulate an appropriate subject for research by narrowing the topic 
“Unemployment”. Some ideas are given as an example. 
 
UNEMPLOYMENT 
economic recession 
global financial crisis 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE FIVE Ws 
Asking questions to which you want answers is still another way of narrowing a topic to a subject you can work 
with. You can develop questions in an organized way by adapting the journalistic tradition that good reporting includes 
covering the five Ws of a story: who, what, where, when, and why. 
Who – people 
What – problems, things, ideas 
Where – places 
When – past, present, future 
Why – causes, reasons, results, conditions 
To use these five Ws as a help in finding a research subject, write your topic at the top of the page and under it 
each of the five W words as headings across the page. Then use brainstorming or free association with each of the 
words in a column heading, writing down tour ideas as lists. 
Example: 
TELEVISION 
Who? What? Where? 
When? Why? 
show hosts 
violence 
satellite 
transmission 
commercial 
beginnings 
election 
actors and 
actresses 
news remote 
places 
new 
channels 
to come 
interference 
with studies 
directors religion New 
York 
broadcast 
times 
persuasive 
power 
Johnny Car-
son 
commercials local 
stations technical 
development 
education 
Most words in the listings above are still too broad. “Television news” still need to be narrowed further. To do so, 
the same five Ws method can be applied again. “How Television News Manipulates Audiences” or “Some Limitations 
of Television as a News Source” are possible subjects you can arrive at using this method. 




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