Программа дисциплины для преподавателя (Syllabus). Содержание дисциплины. Распределение часов по видам занятий Требования к курсу. Критерии и система оценивания знаний студентов

The gerund or the infinitive after verbs?

Either the gerund or the infinitive can be used.

The infinitive is more common.

Love, like, prefer, hate

The meaning changes slightly, depending on whether the gerund or the infinitive is used.

Followed by the gerund, the statement is general.

I like swimming.

I love going to parties.

I hate driving in the dark.

Followed by the infinitive, the statement is more specific.

Remember, forget, stop, try

The meaning changes greatly depending on whether the gerund or the infinitive is used.

I remember being very unhappy as a teenager. (I know that I was very unhappy as a teenager.)

I'll never forget meeting you. (The day I met you is

very clear in my memory.)

The gerund refers to actions and states in the past, i.e. before the remembering, forgetting, etc. take place.

Remember to put some petrol in the car! (There isn’t much petrol in the car and it is important that you buy some.)

Don't forget to post the letter! (The letter is important, so you must remind yourself to post it.)

The infinitive refers to actions that must still be done, i.e. that happen after the remembering, forgetting, etc.

1. 
   Open the brackets using a gerund.
   

1. 
   The windows are very dirty; they need (clean).
   
2. 
   It's very hot, so you don't need (bring) a coat.
   
3. 
   The house is old, and it badly wants (paint).
   
4. 
   The famous man didn't need (introduce) himself.
   
5. 
   The floor is covered with dust; it needs (sweep).
   
6. 
   The grass in the garden is very dry; it wants (water) badly.
   
7. 
   The planners didn't realise they would need (build) so many houses.
   
8. 
   This shirt is quite clean; it doesn't want (wash) yet.
   
9. 
   Her shoes have a hole in them; they want (mend).
   
10. 
    The room was in a terrible mess: it needed (tidy up).
    
11. 
    The baby's crying; I think he needs (feed).
    
12. 
    I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time to go to the hairdresser's.
    
13. 
    John needed (cheer up) when he heard that he'd failed his exams.
    
14. 
    You should tidy the garden. - Yes, it needs (tidy). The roses want (water), the peaches want (pick), the grass wants (cut).
    

2. 
   Open the brackets using a suitable gerund
   

1. 
   Alter the accident, the injured man recovered consciousness in hospital. He remembered (cross) the road, but he didn't remember (knock down).
   
2. 
   I am still thirsty in spite of (drink) four cups of tea.
   
3. 
   This carpet always looks dirty, in spite of (sweep) every day.
   
4. 
   He didn't return the book he had borrowed after (promise) to do so.
   
5. 
   He got into the house by (climb) through a window, without (see) by anyone.
   
6. 
   I think he was foolish to buy a car before (learn) how to drive it.
   
7. 
   Peter is a much better chess-player than I am, and he was very surprised when I beat him yesterday for the first time. He isn't used to (beat).
   
8. 
   He went to bed at 9 p.m. in spite of (sleep) all the afternoon.
   
9. 
   He complained of (give) a very small room at the back of the hotel.
   
10. 
    The little girl isn't afraid of dogs in spite of (bite) twice.
    
11. 
    The little girl didn't go near the dog; she was afraid of (bite).
    
12. 
    The baby went to sleep a few minutes after (feed).
    
13. 
    The little girl never gets tired of (ask) her mother questions, but her mother often gets tired of (ask) so many questions.
    
14. 
    They lived in a small town for ten years and then moved without (make) friends with any of their neighbours.
    
15. 
    The little boy was punished for (tell) a lie by (send) to bed without his supper.
    
16. 
    Mary was chosen a year ago to act in the school play. She was very pleased at (choose).
    
17. 
    Jack doesn't like boxing. I don't know if he is afraid of (hurt) his opponent or of (hurt) himself.
    
18. 
    He was taken to hospital unconscious after the accident. He died in hospital without (recover) consciousness.
    
19. 
    I always treat people politely and I insist on (treat) politely.
    
20. 
    The boy was very hungry at eleven o'clock in spite of (eat) a big breakfast two hours earlier.
    
21. 
    She didn't get out of bed until ten o'clock in spite of (wake up) at seven.
    

3. 
   Complete the following sentences using a gerund.
   

1. 
   I have difficulty in
   
2. 
   I’m very interested in
   
3. 
   I’m thinking of
   
4. 
   He saved up £1000 for a holiday by
   
5. 
   I sometimes worry about not
   
6. 
   Thank you for
   
7. 
   I’m looking forward to
   
8. 
   She left the room without
   
9. 
   I stayed in bed all day instead of
   

4. 
   Use your imagination to complete the following sentences.
   

1. 
   Finding a good job these days
   
2. 
   Living in a big city
   
3. 
   Taking regular exercise
   
4. 
   Travelling by air
   
5. 
   Being self-employed
   
6. 
   Learning a foreign language
   

5. 
   Complete the following sentences using infinitives.
   

1. 
   How do you do. Pleased to
   
2. 
   When you’re old, it can be difficult to
   
3. 
   I was surprised to
   
4. 
   If you haven’t got much money, it’s impossible to
   
5. 
   It can be expensive to
   
6. 
   When you travel abroad, it’s important to
   

6. 
   There are many expressions with go + gerund which are concerned with activities, sports, and physical recreation.
   

1. 
   I __________ yesterday, but I didn’t buy anything.
   
2. 
   I __________ by the river tomorrow, but I’m sure I won’t catch anything.
   
3. 
   Whenever there’s enough snow, we __________ every weekend.
   
4. 
   If I had enough money, I’d buy a yacht and __________ in the Mediterranean.
   
5. 
   We had a lovely holiday. We __________ every day. The water was lovely.
   

7. 
   Fill the gaps with one of the verbs which follow the passage, in either the gerund or infinitive form.
   

8. 
   Gap filling
   

‘Dear Mr Bradley,’ he read, ‘We are sorry (c) __________ __________ you that your services are no longer required …’

9. 
   Adjective + infinitive
   

I was delighted to hear that you passed your driving test.

1. 
   I learned that your aunt died. (sorry)
   
2. 
   He wanted to know where we had been. (anxious)
   
3. 
   She found that her husband was still alive. (amazed)
   
4. 
   I see you’re still smoking. (disappointed)
   
5. 
   He learned that he had nearly died. (shocked)
   

10. 
    Verbs + gerund or infinitive
    

He persuaded her to go to the party.

1. 
   ‘Yes, I did drive too fast through the town,’ she said. (admit)
   
2. 
   ‘I’ll lend you some money, if you like,’ he said to me. (offer)
   
3. 
   ‘If I were you, I’d accept the job,’ he said to his daughter. (advise)
   
4. 
   ‘Why don’t you have a holiday in my country cottage?’ he said to us. (invite)
   
5. 
   ‘You must pay for the damage you’ve done,’ she said. So I paid. (make)
   
6. 
   ‘I haven’t smoked for three years,’ she said. (stop)
   
7. 
   We needed petrol, so we went to a service station. (stop)
   
8. 
   I didn’t buy food for dinner so we had to go out. (forget)
   
9. 
   But I fed the cat. (remember)
   
10. 
    I had piano lessons for years, but I was never very good. (try)
    

11. 
    ‘To’ used instead of whole infinitive
    

1. 
   A Why aren’t you going to work?
   

2. 
   A Can you come round for a meal tonight?
   

3. 
   A I’m afraid I can’t take you to the airport after all. Sorry.
   

4. 
   A Why can’t I take this book from the library?
   

5. 
   A Why have you painted the wall black?
   

6. 
   A Did you go out for a meal with him?
   

12. 
    ‘Talking’ versus ‘a talk’
    

Talking to someone about a problem usually helps to solve it.

13. 
    Noun + preposition
    

1. 
   I got a cheque __________ five hundred pounds in the post today.
   
2. 
   There has been a rise __________ the number of violent crimes.
   
3. 
   Have you seen this photo __________ my daughter? Isn’t she beautiful?
   
4. 
   The difference __________ you and me is that I don’t mind hard work.
   
5. 
   I can think of no reason __________ such strange behaviour.
   
6. 
   It took a long time to find a solution __________ the problem.
   
7. 
   Could you give me some information __________ train times?
   
8. 
   I’m having trouble __________ my car. It won’t start.
   
9. 
   She’s doing research __________ the causes of tooth decay.
   
10. 
    This is a machine __________ grinding coffee.