Тирания показателей
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Глава 9. Здравоохранение 1. Sean P. Keehan et al., “National Health Expenditure Projections, 2015–2025: Economy, Prices, and Aging Expected to Shape Spending and Enrollment”, Health Affairs 35, no. 8 (August 2016), pp. 1–10; Atul Gawande, “The Checklist”, New Yorker, December 10, 2007. 2. World Health Report 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance, in Scott Atlas, In Excellent Health: Setting the Record Straight on America’s Health Care (Stanford, Calif., 2011). 3. Atlas. In Excellent Health. 4. Ibid., pp. 28–30, 99–105. 5. Ibid., p. 84; and David M. Cutler, Adriana Lleras-Muney, and Tom Vogl, “Socioeconomic Status and Health: Dimensions and Mechanisms,” in Sherry Glied and Peter C. Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics (New York, 2011), pp. 124–63, esp. 147–53. 6. Atlas, In Excellent Health, p. 156. 7. Michael E. Porter and Thomas H. Lee, “The Strategy That Will Fix Health Care”, Harvard Business Review (October 2013), pp. 50–70, esp. 56. 8. Обсуждение программ Geisinger основано на работе: Douglas McCarthy, Kimberly Mueller, and Jennifer Wrenn, Geisinger Health System: Achieving the Potential ofIntegration through Innovation, Leader ship, Measurement, and Incentives (Commonweatlh Fund Case Study, June 2009), и статье бывшего генерального директора этой организации Гленна Стила, см.: Glenn D. Steele, Jr., “A Proven New Model for Reimbursing Physicians”, Harvard Business Review (September 15, 2015). 9. Peter J. Pronovost et al., “Sustaining Reductions in Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections in Michigan Intensive Care Units: A 10-Year Analysis”, AmericanJournal of Medical Quality 31, no. 3 (2016), pp. 197–202. 10. Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, p. 1117. 11. См., например: Patrick Conway, Farzad Mostashari, and Carolyn Clancy, “The Future of Quality Measurement for Improvement and Accountability”, JAMA [Journal of theAmerican Medical Association] 309, no. 21 (June 5, 2013), pp. 2215–16; James F. Burgess and Andrew Street, “Measuring Organizational Performance”, in Sherry Glied and Peter C. Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics (New York, 2011), pp. 688–706, esp. p. 701; David M. Shahian et al., “Rating the Raters: The Inconsistent Quality of Health Care Performance Measurement”, Annals of Surgery 264, no. 1 (July 2016), pp. 36–38; J. Matthew Austin, Elizabeth McGlynn, and Peter J. Pronovost, “Fostering Transparency in Outcomes, Quality, Safety, and Costs”, JAMA 316, no. 16 (October 25, 2016), pp. 1661–62. 12. О склонности требовать улучшения показателей см.: Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, p. 1120. 13. Jason H. Wasfy et al., “Public Reporting in Cardiovascular Medicine: Accountability, Unintended Consequences, and Promise for Improvement”, Circulation 131, no. 17 (April 28, 2015), pp. 1518–27. 14. Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, p. 1118. 15. N. A. Ketallar et al., “Public Release of Performance Data in Changing the Behaviour of Healthcare Consumers, Professionals or Organisations”, Cochrane Database SystemReview, Nov. 9, 2011. 16. Gary Y. Young, Howard Beckman, and Errol Baker, “Financial Incentives, Professional Values and Performance”, Journal of Organizational Behavior 33 (2012), pp. 964–983. 110 17. Elaine M. Burns, Chris Pettengell, Thanos Athanasious, and Ara Darzi, “Understanding the Strengths and Weaknesses of Public Reporting of Surgeon-Specific Outcomes”, Health Affairs 35, no. 3 (March 2016), pp. 415–21, esp. p. 416. 18. D. Blumenthal, E. Malphrus, and J. M. McGinnis (eds.), Vital Signs: Core Metrics forHealth and Health Care Progress (Washington, 2015), p. 90. Об использовании «звездных рейтингов» Государственной службой здравоохранения в Англии см.: Bevan and Hood “What’s Measured Is What Matters”. 19. Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, pp. 1114–19. 20. Karen E. Joynt et al., “Public Reporting of Mortality Rates for Hospitalized Medicare Patients and Trends in Mortality for Reported Conditions”, Annals of InternalMedicine, published online May 31, 2016. 21. M. W. Friedberg et al., “A Methodological Critique of the ProPublica Surgeon Scorecard” (Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., 2015), http://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE170.html, и David M. Shahian et al., “Rating the Raters: The Inconsistent Quality of Health Care Performance Measurement”, Annals ofSurgery 264, no. 1 (July 2016), pp. 36–38. 22. Cheryl L. Damberg et al., Measuring Success in Health Care Value-Based PurchasingPrograms: Summary and Recomme ndations (Rand Corporation, 2014), p. 18. Rachel M. Werner et al., “The Effect of Pay-for-Performance in Hospitals: Lessons for Quality Improvement”, Health Affairs 30, no. 4 (April 2011), pp. 690–98. Сходное и самое недавнее упоминание об этом см.: Aaron Mendelson et al., “The Effects of Pay-for-Performance Programs on Health, Health Care Use, and Processes of Care: A Systematic Review”, Annalsof Internal Medicine 165, no. 5 (March 7, 2017), pp. 341–53. 23. Patricia Ingraham, “Of Pigs in Pokes and Policy Diffusion: Another Look at Pay for Performance”, Public Administration Review 53 (1993), pp. 348–56; Christopher Hood and Guy Peters, “The Middle Aging of New Public Management: Into the Age of Paradox?” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 14, no. 3 (2004), pp. 267–82; Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, pp. 1113–26. 24. Martin Roland and Stephen Campbell, “Successes and Failures of Pay for Performance in the United Kingdom”, New England Journal of Medicine 370 (May 15, 2014), pp. 1944–49. Слова «лечение симптомов, а не болезни» взяты из: Chinitz and Rodwin, “What Passes and Fails as Health Policy and Management”, p. 1115. 25. Burns et al., “Understanding the Strengths and Weaknesses of Public Reporting of Surgeon-Specific Outcomes”, p. 418; and Wasfy et al., “Public Reporting in Cardiovascular Medicine”; and K. E. Joynt et al., “Association of Public Reporting for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Utilization and Outcomes among Medicare Beneficiaries with Acute Myocardial Infarction”, JAMA 308, no. 14 (2012), pp. 1460–68; Joel M. Kupfer, “The Morality of Using Mortality as a Financial Incentive: Unintended Consequences and Implications for Acute Hospital Care”, JAMA 309, no. 21 (June 3, 2013), pp. 2213–14. 26. Richard Lilford and Peter Pronovost, “Using Hospital Mortality Rates to Judge Hospital Performance: A Bad Idea that Just Won’t Go Away”, British Medical Journal (April 10, 2010). 27. Ibid. 28. D. Blumenthal, E. Malphrus, and J. M. McGinnis (eds.), Vital Signs: Core Metrics forHealth and Health Care Progress (Washington, D.C., 2015). 29. Ibid., pp. 90–91. 30. Robert Pear, “Shaping Health Policy for Millions, and Still Treating Some on the Side,” New York Times, March 29, 2016. 31. Donald M. Berwick, “The Toxicity of Pay for Performance”, Quality Management inHealth Care 4, no. 1 (1995), pp. 27–33. 111 32. Wasfy et al., “Public Reporting in Cardiovascular Medicine”; Claire Noel-Mill and Keith Lind, “Is Observation Status Substituting for Hospital Readmission?” Health AffairsBlog, October 28, 2015; as well as https://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/Data/30-day-measures.html. 33. David Himmelstein and Steffie Woolhandler, “Quality Improvement: ‘Become Good at Cheating and You Never Need to Become Good at Anything Else’”, Health Affairs Blog, August 27, 2015. 34. Sabriya Rice, “Medicare Readmission Penalties Create Quality Metrics Stress”, Modern Healthcare, August 8, 2015. 35. Shannon Muchmore, “Bill Targets Socio-economic Factors in Hospital Readmissions”, Modern Healthcare, May 19, 2016. 36. См., например: Michael L. Barnett, John Hsu, and Michael J. McWilliams, “Patient Characteristics and Differences in Hospital Readmission Rates”, JAMA Internal Medicine175, no. 11 (November 2015), pp. 1803–12; and Shannon Muchmore, “Readmissions May Say More about Patients than Care”, Modern Healthcare (September 14, 2015). жүктеу/скачать 1.51 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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