Тяжелые металлы в окружающей среде
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Fig .2. Mines and mining industry in Macedonia included in this study. STUDIES ON HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION IN MINING AREAS IN MACEDONIA In last 30 years Prof. Trajce Stafilov with his team from the Institute of Chemistry as a part of the Faculty of Natural Sciences in the frame of ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Re- public of Macedonia, have performed a lot of studies on heavy metals pollution in the country, es- pecially around the mines and accompanying processing industries. Using modern and sensitive methods for quantification of heavy metals by biomonitoring, soil, air, water and food samples were analyzed. The special attention was put on the environmental pollution in the specific mining and met- allurgical areas. This applies especially to the mines areas: lead fsmelter plant in Veles, copper mine and flotation plant (Bucim, near Radovis), one ferronickel processing plant FENI near Kavadarci- and one abandoned As-Sb-TI mine (Allchar mine, near Kavadarci). Heavy metal pollution of soil around lead smelter plant Veles The heavy metals content in the studied soils in the town Veles and its surroundings resulted with high values for Pb, Zn and Cd. The content for Pb was 156 mg kg-1, 240 mg kg-1 for Zn and7.38 mg kg-1 for Cd. If we compare the results for Pb with the values from Dutch National Standards for soil for lead was 85 mg kg-1 for Zn 284 mg kg-1and for 0.8 mg kg-1, respectively (Fig.1) 118 119 Fig.1. Presence of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil samplestaken from the vicinity of lead-zinc smelter near Veles (red peak - average value, green peak – permitted level) The higher contents of cadmium, lead and zinc were distinguished as main anthropogenic in- troduced elements in the smelt environ (Stafilov, Jordanovska, 1994; Stafilov et al., 2010). Heavy metal pollution around ―Bucim‖ cooper mine and its smelter plant One of the major emission sources of certain metals in the eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia is the copper mine and flotation Bucim, near the town of Radovis. The study focuses on the monitoring of distribution and characterization of metals and some lithogenic elements in soil in the Bucim mine copper environ. The range of values shows much higher content of Cu in the sam- ples from the study area (9.3-1200 mg kg'). For the rest of the potentially anthropogenic elements (Pb, Ni, V and Zn), no significant enrichment factors were found. For these elements, comparative analysis was conducted, and it was found that only Cu contents vary due to the anthropogenic mine influence (Pančevski et al., 2006). Distribution of heavy metals around ferronickel smelter plant in Kavadarci It was found that the critically high concentrations are related primarily to high concentra- tions of Ni and Cr in the sampling points of the investigated region. The concentrations of these el- ements are higher in subsoil than in topsoil, it can be concluded that the occurrence is natural. This fact indicates that the ferronickel smelter plant situated in this region, in spite of the obvious envi- ronmental pollution by ore dust, has not contributed significantly to the measured content of these elements, due to the their high content in the background (Stafilov et al., 2010). Distribution of heavy metalsin soil sedimentsin the area of abandoned Sb-As-Tl Allchar mine The abandoned mines and mining areas are important issue because can be a major source of environmental pollution. Although the contaminants have a long residence time in soils and waste materials at historical mining sites, research indicates that the mobility and bioavailability of metals in many of these environments is still high; the transfer of contaminants to the food chain and exposure of the local populations till occur (Merrington, Alloway, 1994). The main interest of this study was focused on the behavior of As, Sb and Tl around abandoned Allchar mine. The content of As in the soil around the Allchar mine was a significantly high, which is 17 times higher compared with the rest of the Allchar area, and 89 times higher compared to the European average. The geochemical association of the arsenic, antimony and thallium indicates mainly natural enrichment, and several high-values for Sb were explained as a result of the former Ottoman Empire mining activity in the study area. The content of Tl determined in the Allchar lo- cality probably reflects the highest established natural concentration in soil worldwide. It is im- portant to point out that Sb was enriched 160 times and therefore, Sb distribution involves signifi- cant hazardous anthropogenic impact (Bačeva et al., 2014; Stafilov et al., 2013). жүктеу/скачать 6.49 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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