Тяжелые металлы в окружающей среде
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| INTRODUCTION
Agricultural sector in Macedonia Agriculture is an important sector in the Macedonia economy, with production and pro- cessing contributing around 18% of GDP. Macedonia has 1.28 million ha of agricultural land, about half cultivable and half pastures.About 39% of the total area of the Republic of Macedonia, or 1.01 million hectares, is agricultural land, split almost evenly between cultivated land (arable land or- chards, vineyards and meadows) and permanent pastures. Another 37% of the land is upland or mountainous forestland, while the rest includes lakes and urban areas (or not used for agricultural purposes). The majority of the cultivated land is arable land, permanent crops represent 7% (35 000 ha) and meadows 58 000 ha. The combination of Continental and Sub-Mediterranean climate, char- acterized by long, warm summers and short, not too severe winters, provides fertile soil and gener- ally excellent conditions for production of a range of food products (Republic of Macedonia …, 2014). Almost the totality of the Gross Agricultural Output (70%) is generated by crop production, where vegetables are the main contributors. Tomatoes, peppers and melons dominate the vegetable production and make the Republic of Macedonia a net exporter of processed vegetables. Farmers also grow rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, andvegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton, and dairy products are also produced, and the country has traditionally been an exporter of sugar beets, fruits, vegetables, cheese, lamb, and tobacco. Exports of agriculture and food products in 2016 constituted 12.25 percent of Macedonia‘s total exports. The top markets for agriculture and food products are the EU and Western Balkan 116 117 Countries (Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, and Bosnia and Herzegovina), accounting for approximately 82.3 percent of the total exports. The main export products from Macedonia are fresh and pro- cessed vegetables and fruits (34.8 percent of total agricultural exports), tobacco (24 percent), grains (13.5 percent), and beverages (12 percent). The main import products are meat (beef, poultry, and pork accounted for 20 percent of total agriculture imports), fruits and vegetables, grains, coffee, tea, and spices. As in many Western Balkan countries, almost half the population lives in rural areas. Offi- cially, almost one fifth of the working force is employed in agriculture. Agriculture has always served as a shock absorber for the socio economic and structural changes in industry and other sec- tors of the economy. The agro-food processing industry has always played an important role in the Republic of Macedonia (Fig. 1). жүктеу/скачать 6.49 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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