Учебное пособие для студентов 3 курса специальности 032301. 65 Регионоведение Чита 2008 (075)
Vocabulary to single out fusion steel-making industry
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- Exercise II. Find in the text the English words and phrases corresponding to the Russian equivalents
- Exercise III. Supply the words or word combinations from the text which correspond to the following
- Exercise IV. Fill in the blank with the correct word
- Exercise V. Find out whether the statement is true or false according to the information in the text.
- Exercise VI. Guess what state is meant
- Exercise VII. Write the number of the state that matches each of the following descriptions. Use the map of your textbook to help you.
- THE GREAT LAKES
- Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia
- Pecans
- Shrimp
- Vocabulary
- Comprehension Check
- Vocabulary Study
- Exercise II. Complete the sentence with the best answer (a, b or c ) according to the information in the text
- Exercise III. Guess what state is meant.
- Exercise IV. Guess to what state the following mottoes belong
- Exercise V. A. Write the name (abbreviation) of each state after the number that identifies it on the map.
- 5. _____; 11. ____; 6. _____; 12. ____. B. Write the number of the correct state from the list above in the blank before each sentence.
| Vocabulary
to single out fusion steel-making industry to industrialize freight a service industry to harness a good catch exasperated to compensate an assembly-line to power machinery dairy and poultry farms to take severe measures Comprehension Check 1. What does highly-advanced technology provide? 2. How many major regions can you single out in the United States? 3. What has made the Northeast an urban region? 4. Is service industry an important activity in the Northeast? If so, why? 5. Does the Northeast have numerous small or large farms? What is the role of agriculture in the Northeast? 6. Why is the fishing industry well developed in the Northeast of the USA? 7. Where is the famous fish market situated in the United States of America? 8. What are the main cities of the Northeast and their role in the life of the country? Exercise II. Find in the text the English words and phrases corresponding to the Russian equivalents: 1) слияние, объединение; 2) сборочный конвейер; 3) снабжать силовым двигателем; 4) выделять; 5) предпринимать суровые меры; 6) использовать водопад как источник энергии; 7) сектор услуг; 8) хороший улов; 9) фрахт, груз; 10) основательный, надёжный; 11) плавильный котел. Exercise III. Supply the words or word combinations from the text which correspond to the following: 1) an arrangement of machines, equipment, and workers in which work passes from operation to operation in direct line; 2) load; 3) a merging of diverse elements into a unified whole; coalition; 4) to neutralize the effect of something; to countervail; 5) to select from others for special attention; 6) to utilize water as energy resource; 7) to make or become industrial; 8) to supply the machines with power; 9) the total quantity caught at one time; 10) agricultural establishments producing milk and other milk products; 11) irritated or annoyed especially to the point of injudicious action; 12) of good quality and condition; 13) an environment in which many ideas and races are socially assimilated. Exercise IV. Fill in the blank with the correct word: 1. The United States is the leading economic ... in the world. 2. We can ... six major regions. 3. ... have made the Northeast an urban region. 4. The Northeast was the first ... in the United States to industrialize. 5. The region's largest cities are ... built around good natural ... . 6. In addition to manufacturing and trade, about 20 per cent of the economic activity of the Northeast is ... with service. 7. In addition to farming, the Northeast is well known all over the United States for its ... industry. Exercise V. Find out whether the statement is true or false according to the information in the text. 1. The American people enjoy a low standard of living. 2. About 20 per cent of the people live in the cities that produce goods. 3. The region's largest cities are ports. 4. Buffalo is an important sea port. 5. In addition to manufacturing and trade, about 20 per cent of the economic' activity of the Northeast is connected with fish. 6. The Northeast is well known all over the United States for its oil industry. Exercise VI. Guess what state is meant:
Exercise VII. Write the number of the state that matches each of the following descriptions. Use the map of your textbook to help you. A. Maine E. Rhode Island I. New Jersey B. New Hampshire F. Connecticut J. Maryland C. Vermont G. New York K. Delaware D. Massachusetts H. Pennsylvania 1. This is the region's least densely populated state. 2. This is the state with the largest city in the United States. 3. The smallest state in the Northeast is _____ . 4. The eastern border of this state is partly formed by the Connecticut River. 5. Concord is the capital of this state. 6. Cape Cod is located in this state. 7. This state is located west of Rhode Island. 8. The nation's capital is located along the border of this state. 9. The cities of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh are located in this state. 10. The western boundary of this state is formed by the Delaware River. 11. This state shares a peninsula with Maryland. 
THE GREAT LAKES. The region of the Great Lakes includes the states of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan and Erie form the Northern part of the region. The Ohio River forms the southern border of the region, the Mississippi river — its western border. Water routes by way of the rivers and lakes have contributed to the region's economic growth. Raw materials are shipped into the region for use in the factories. Finished goods are shipped out to other parts of the country and abroad to foreign markets. T  he Great Lakes region is the industrial heart of the United States. The region's factories produce steel, heavy machinery, farm equipment, and automobiles.
The automobile industry was once concentrated in Detroit, but now it has decentralized to other cities within the region. Cars are assembled and parts are made in such cities as Akron, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Youngstown, Milwaukee and Indianapolis. Chicago and Gary are the centers of a large steel-making area along the south shore of Lake Michigan. Chicago is the largest city in the region and the second largest city in the country. It has a population of about 3 million people. The Chicago metropolitan area has some 7 million people. Its importance is tied to the same waterways that helped to develop the region. Chicago is located on Lake Michigan. It is also tied to the Mississippi River by way of canals. Chicago, as a result, is the country's busiest inland port. It is also the busiest railroad and airline centre in the country. In recent years, industrial growth has declined in the Great Lakes region. In part, this is because of the region's dependence on heavy industry when the greatest industrial growth is taking place in the new and newest industries, such as electronics. Another important reason is due to growing competition from foreign countries, especially Japan. Competition is especially great in the areas of automobiles and steel. As automakers buy large amounts of steel, glass, rubber for making cars, a decline in the auto industry has a negative effect on other branches of the economy. The Great Lakes region is also an important area for farming. Corn, wheat, and dairy products are the most important agricultural items. Farmers often rotate soybeans and corn — that is, planting corn in a field one year and soybeans the next. This rotation is needed to keep from wearing out the soil. The region has enough rainfall, which is very important for hay, grown to feed dairy cattle. Wisconsin is the most important dairy state in the region. THE SOUTH. The region lies roughly south of the Ohio and Potomac rivers, and, with the exception of Louisiana and Arkansas, east of the Mississippi River. Those states along the Atlantic Coastal Plain — Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia — are known as the South Atlantic states. Those states in the Appalachian Highlands and along the Gulf Coastal Plain are known as the South Central states. They are West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and Louisiana.  Agriculture has long been the major economic activity of the South, although this dominance has become less in recent years. The moist, warm climate contributes to the extensive growth of tobacco in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. The tobacco grown here is of high quality, and the tradition of growing it goes down to the early days of colonization. The Red Indians taught the white settlers the way to grow tobacco and they made tremendous profit out of this crop exporting it to Europe. Besides the above mentioned states it is also an important crop in Kentucky.
Cotton is another important crop for southern farmers, especially in Arkansas and Mississippi. Pecans (very specific and tasty nuts) and peanuts are grown in Georgia and citrus fruits, vegetables in Florida. Soybeans are an important crop in Arkansas. Some of the country's leading fishing areas are found along the Gulf coast. In fact, southern waters produce more than half the total national catch. Shrimp is important in the waters near Louisiana. Oysters and menhaden (American herring) are caught off the shores of Alabama and Mississippi. The waters around Florida are the source for turtles, sponges and groupers. Rivers in the South provide catches of such fish as the catfish. Light industry, textile manufacturing, lumber mills, paper mills and the processing of food products make their contribution to industrial activity in the region. The pine forests of Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana have trees for a wide number of wood products. Florida is a popular tourist area and thousands come to this beautiful place for rest and entertainment. This romantic state attracts a lot of retired people who like to enjoy their retirement in peace and warmth. Atlanta is to the South what Chicago is to the Great Lakes region. It is a most important centre of railroad and airline transportation in the South. The city's population is more than 422,000 people, but the metropolitan area has just over 2 million people. In Florida the major urban centres are Jacksonville, Miami, Tampa and St. Petersburg. Recent years indicate a large movement of people to this state, especially of retired people, who like the warm climate, and of immigrants from Latin America and the islands in the Caribbean Sea. Mining and oil drilling are important economic activities in the South Central states. There is oil and natural gas in Louisiana. Some of the country's largest coal deposits lie in the states of West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. In fact almost three-fourths of United States coal production comes from the South Central States. The reserves of coal and iron ore near Birmingham have made the city an important steel centre in the South. Leading cities of the South Central states include Memphis, New Orleans, Nashville, and Louisville. In addition to being an important river port, Memphis provides furniture and floor products for the whole country. New Orleans is an important trading port in the delta of the Mississippi river and a major banking centre of the South. Nashville is a centre for publishing and printing and a tourist attraction as the center for the country's music industry. Louisville has the world's largest electrical appliance plant. Vocabulary decline to contribute with the exception of competition to rotate diversification dominance to assemble to be instrumental in tremendous to expand to wear out to decentralize to tie to assume a rational attitude Comprehension Check Exercise I. Scan the text for answers to the following questions:
Vocabulary Study Exercise I. Fill in the blank with the correct word: 1. The Great Lakes region is the industrial … of the United States.
Exercise II. Complete the sentence with the best answer (a, b or c ) according to the information in the text: 1. The automobile industry was once concentrated in Detroit, but now a) it has moved to Texas; b) it has decentralized to other cities within the region; c) it is concentrated in the suburbs of the city. 2. Chicago is a) the largest city in the USA; b) the largest city on the south shore of Lake Erie; c) the largest city in the region and the country's busiest inland port. 3. Industrial growth has declined in the Great Lakes region because a) of the region's dependence on heavy industry; b) many workers have left the region; c) agriculture has become more important. 4. Agriculture has long been a) the weakest sector of the economy of the South; b) in decline because of the cold climate of the region; c) the major economic activity of the South. 5. Three-fourths of United States coal production comes a) from California; b) from the South Central Basin; c) from Texas. Exercise III. Guess what state is meant.
Exercise IV. Guess to what state the following mottoes belong: 1. We dare defend our rights. 2. State sovereignty, national union. 3. The people rule. 4. Wisdom, justice and moderation. 5. In God we trust. 6. Union, justice and confidence. 7. United we stand, divided we fall. 8. If you seek for a pleasant peninsula, look around you. 9. To be rather than to seem. 10. By valor and arms. 11. With God, all things are possible. 12. Agriculture and commerce. 13. Prepared in mind and resources. 14. Thus always to tyrants. 15. Mountaineers are always free. 16. Forward. 17. The crossroads of America. Exercise V. A. Write the name (abbreviation) of each state after the number that identifies it on the map.  1. _____; 7. _____; 2. _____; 8. _____; 3. _____; 9. _____; 4. _____; 10. ____; 5. _____; 11. ____; 6. _____; 12. ____. B. Write the number of the correct state from the list above in the blank before each sentence. ___ 1. This state is a peninsula. ___ 2. The Mississippi delta is here. ___ 3. The major industry of this state is steel. ___ 4. This state is directly south of Kentucky. ___ 5. Atlanta is the capital of this state. ___ 6. The capital of this state is on the James River. ___ 7. This state has the highest overall elevation of all southern states. ___ 8. The capital of this state is Jackson. 
The region of the Plains is made up of those states between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains with the exception of Louisiana and Arkansas. The Northern Plains states are North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, and Minnesota. Missouri, Oklahoma and Texas make up the Southern Plains states. The first American explorers of the Great Plains thought that this region was a desert. They even called it the "Great American Desert". They noted that there was a lack of trees and an almost endless sea of grass. This is a land of extreme heat and extreme cold. It is almost flat, until it suddenly meets the mountains to the west. Nowhere is the rainfall more unpredictable or the climate more violent than on the Great Plains. For two or three years, there may be enough rain. Then there is a year when rain fails, when the streams from the mountains dry up and their channels are filled with sand. Often the weather destroys a year's work in a single day. Only the Native Americans knew how to exist in this place without trees or arable soil. They lived by hunting the millions buffaloes roaming the Great Plains. In 1868 the railroads reached into the plains and the builders and hunters brought death to the buffalo. This forced the Native Americans to abandon the plains. The cowboy and huge herds of cattle took their place. At that time the supply of good free farm land was exhausted and therefore, some settlers, lured by the promise of land, did stay in the Great Plains to coax life from the hard, dry soil. These were the first of the "homesteaders" – farmers who received 64 hectares of free land from the federal government in exchange for living on the claim and cultivating it for at least five years. At that time Indians and the cattlemen controlled the plains and the homesteader with his fences and plowed fields was an interloper encroaching on the cattlemen's grazing land and the Indians' hunting grounds. For years, conflict between these three forces flared up in violence, but two inventions which reached this region in he 1870s assured the farmers' victory. The first of these was barbed wire which stopped cattle from overrunning the cultivated areas. The other was the windmill which saved the farmer's life during droughts by pumping surface water to irrigate his vegetables and water his livestock. The farmers didn't realize it, but they were wasting their land by "square farming". Today's farmer has learned to rotate his crops and also to terrace his land and to plant grass along the natural courses where the water drains away. Today, the region of the Great Plains is considered the "American breadbasket". It yields great quantities of crops, especially wheat. Wheat is important in the states of Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Here a few words should be said about corn. It is the most important of all American crops, as basic to American agriculture as iron to American industry. Probably one of the US' greatest resources is its ability to grow great quantities of corn. Most of the yield - some three-fourths of it - is used to feed livestock. Corn also has proven to be an astonishingly versatile industrial material. From a corn distilling manufacturers extract alcohol-fuel, or gasohol, used in many farm vehicles and growing numbers of cars. Until recently, most of the farmers in the Plains practiced "general farming", that is, the family produced as much of it own food and equipment as possible, and sold whatever remained to buy things it could not raise or make. Today, however, nearly all the farm families in the Plains do "commercial farming"; they grow crops exclusively for sale and not for their own consumption. This change from general farming to commercial farming represents another kind of agricultural revolution typified by a decline in the number of farm families and an increase in the size of farms. жүктеу/скачать 1.4 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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