Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса факультета математики и информационных технологий Уфа риц башгу 2020
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- Part II Grammar 12
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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
PART ITOPICS I. Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky N.I. Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician, was born in 1792 in Nizhniy Novgorod in a poor family. When he was a child his father died and the family moved to Kazan. There he entered the gymnasium and finished it in 1807. He became interested in mathematics very early. When he was only 14 he entered Kazan University and at the age 19 was awarded a Master’s degree. At the age of 24 he became a professor of mathematics there. And later Lobachevsky was appointed rector and was at the head of the University for 19 years. He remained true to mathematics all his life long and made extensive researches into this science. In 1826 Lobachevsky succeeded in solving the problem which the mathematicians of the world had failed to solve for more than 2000 years. He created his non-Euclidian geometry. Later the scientists wrote in the field of algebra and mathematical analysis. His writings include Principles of Geometry, Imaginary Geometry and New Principles of Geometry with a Complete Theory of Parallels. However, nobody understood and recognized his works at that time. They were recognized only twelve years after his death. Lobachevsky died in 1856 at the age of 63. His ideas greatly influenced the development of not only geometry and other mathematical sciences, but also mechanics, physics and astronomy. His name is known all over the world and his is often called Copernicus of geometry. Retell the text according to the following plan: 1) N.I.Lobachevsky’s childhood. 2) The gymnasium and the University. 3) His work at the University. 4) The scientist’s creation in 1826. 5) Lobachevsky’s great contribution to mathematics. II. Isaac Newton Isaac Newton is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all times. Isaac Newton was born in 1642. His father died before his son’s birth. When Newton was 15 his uncle removed him from school, planning to make farmer of him. But finding that he made a poor farmer, he sent him back to school. At the age of 19 Newton entered Cambridge University, where he displayed remarkable ability in science. At 26 Newton became a professor at the University and lectured on mathematics for more than 30 years. His main interests were mathematics, electrical mechanics and physical optics. At 22 he began studying the theory of gravity. Many people already knew about the movement of the planets around the sun. But nobody could explain what kept them moving. Newton showed that the motions of the planets were the natural result of universal laws of nature. His great book “The Principia” was published in 1687 and created a wave of interest all over Europe. In this book Newton clarified all that he had discovered about the movements of planets and their satellites. The laws of gravity enabled him to explain many mysteries of the structure of the Universe. Newton showed how the mass of the sun could be calculated from the speed and distance of any planet. He found the true size and figure of the earth. He proved that mechanical laws acting an earth are connected with mechanical laws of the whole universe. Everybody knows that he discovered the three most important laws of motion. It is difficult for us to realize how important Newton’s work was. Newton died in 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey. жүктеу/скачать 0.59 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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