Сборник материалов международного научного форума «филологическая наука в ХХІ веке: проблемы и перспективы»

181 
The main provisions from the linguistic theory of translation, the basic types of translation according to the content, 
perception and tailoring as well as conformity with the translation are considered in the article. 
Пайдаланған әдебиеттер:
1. Тарақ Ә. Аударма процесі жайында // Аударматану (ғылыми-практикалық көмекші құрал). Құраст.: Құлманов С.– 
Алматы: «Тіл» оқу-әдістемелік орталығы,2008. . 
2. Көркем аударманың кейбір мәселелері (мақалалар жинағы). –Алматы: Қазмем.көркем.әдеб.бас,1957. 
3. Алдашева А. Аударматану ғылымының басты ұғым-түсініктері туралы // Аударматану (ғылыми-практикалық 
көмекші құрал). Құраст.: Құлманов С.–Алматы:«Тіл»оқу-әдістемелікорталығы,2008.
4. Сабурова Г. Аударма да рухани байлық // Қазақ тілі мен әдебиеті,2000. №5 
5. Жұмабекова А.Қ. Аударматанудың негіздері : Оқу-әдістемелік құрал. - Алматы,2012. 
 
 
 
A. Zhaparova 
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University 
SET EXPRESSIONS ABOUT CHARACTER IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
An American writer, political activist Helen Keller (1880 - 1968) once said that "Character cannot be 
developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering soul can be strengthened, 
ambition inspired, and success achieved". As for American essayist, poet and lecturer Ralph Waldo Emerson 
(1803-1882) that "Character is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well as think". In 
obedience to a Greek philosopher Heraclitus (535-475 BC) "Good character is not formed in a week or a 
month. It is created little by little, day by day. Protracted and patient effort is needed to develop good 
character".
Traditionally, in psychology, 
psychiatry
, and 
psychoanalysis
, the term “character” has been used to refer 
to constellations or configurations of behavioral traits: “hysterical characters” are described as histrionic; 
“passive-aggressive characters” show 
anger
covertly by withholding; “narcissistic characters” are 
excessively self-centered; “borderline characters” form chaotic and primitive relationships; and so on. How 
might character be understood from a perspective like mine that takes organizations or worlds of emotional 
experiencing as its principal focus {1}.
The term character is closely connected to a man. Diverse types of description are used to depict and 
render one's character. Stylistic devices are also applied here. Stylistic devices are simile, synecdoche, 
metonymy, personification, apostrophe, hyperbole, symbol, allegory, imagery, motif, paradox and so on. 
Say, character description with simile looks approximately like that; He was as good as gold. Authors 
frequently use similes to depict a character's traits. These are similes: «nose like an ancient potato, hair like 
an exploding volcano, voice like a howling werewolf, eyes like a faraway sky, moved as fast as a tornado». 
Hyperbole is a deliberate exaggeration of some quality or quantity or size of an object. It is needed to 
intensify one certain property of the object and adds vividness to the description. Examples of Hyperbole on 
these themes, Timmy's intelligence in some episodes borders on mental retardation, especially in his 
performance at school, despite that he constantly outwits his enemies which are even more stupid than him, 
including his own 
teacher
. Or 
Trixie
's crazy attitude in a couple of episodes is said to be a result of bad 
writing, to the point where her fans consider these episodes 
non-canon
. 
Whilst speaking about character of a human-being, it can be subdivided into positive and negative. Usual 
affirmative traits are adaptable, affable, amiable, agreeable, ambitious, brave, bright, broad-minded, calm, 
careful, charming, considerate, courteous, creative, diligent, determined, dynamic, easygoing, generous, 
gentle, gregarious, hard-working, patient, persistent, pioneering, self-disciplined, sincere, sociable, versatile, 
wise, witty and lots others.
Typical vices and shortcomings of a man: being aggressive, aloof, arrogant, big-headed, boastful, bone-
idle, bossy, callous, cantankerous, careless, cowardly, cynical, deceitful, dishonest, dogmatic, domineering, 
finicky, foolish, greedy, grumpy, impatient, impolite, impulsive, indiscreet, jealous, Machiavellian, mean, 
miserly, narrow-minded, nasty, naughty, obstinate, selfish, silly, sneaky, stubborn, touchy, truculent, unkind, 
unpredictable, untrustworthy, vague, vengeful, vulgar, weak-willed.
Diverse ways of character description can be served by idioms also. An idiom is a set phrase where the 
words together give one entire meaning. Suppose, a big cheese stands for a prominent or influential person in 
a group of family; a cock and a bull story means a story or an explanation which is undeniably not true; an 
early bird implies someone who gets early in the morning; a witch hunt indicates an attempt or try to seek 

182 
and punish those who have options that. Someone’s characteristic features are not exceptions; they might be 
also expressed with great deal of idioms, set expressions in English language. Look at them.
As cold as ice - this idiom can be used to describe a person who does not show any emotion.
As mad as a hatter - this simile means that someone is crazy or behaves very strangely. In the past many 
people who made hats went insane because they had a lot of contact with mercury.
Average Joe - an ordinary person without anything exceptional about them. Bald as a coot - a person 
who is completely bald is as bald as a coot.
Barefaced liar is one who displays no shame about lying even if they are exposed.
Bark is worse than their bite - someone who's bark is worse than their bite may well get angry and shout, 
but doesn't take action.
Barrel of laughs, they are always joking and you find them funny.
Bold of brass - someone who is as bold as brass is very confident and not worried about how other 
people will respond or about being caught.
Class act - someone who's a class act is exceptional in what they do.
Cry-baby is a person who gets emotional and cries too easily.
Daft as a brush – someone who is daft as a brush is rather stupid.
Dumb as a rock – to have no common sense are stupid.
Fit of pique - if someone reacts badly because their pride is hurt, this is a fit of pique.
Good-for-nothing - a lazy person who doesn't do anything useful is a good-for-nothing.
Hail-fellow-well-met, someone whose behavior is hearty, friendly and congenial.
Hard as nails a person who is as hard as nails is either physically tough or has little or no respect for 
other people's feelings.
High-handed, if someone is high-handed, they behave arrogantly and pompously.
Hopping mad, if you're hopping mad, you are extremely angry. I may be daft, but I’m not stupid - I 
might do or say silly things occasionally, but in this instance I know what I am doing (Usually used when 
someone questions your application of common-sense). 
In rude health - they are very healthy and look it.
A Johnny-come-lately is someone who has recently joined something or arrived somewhere, especially 
when they want to make changes that are not welcome.
Just off the boat - they are naive and inexperienced.
Keep up with the Joneses - people who try to keep up with the Joneses are competitive about material 
possessions and always try to have the latest and best things.
Laughing stock - If someone becomes a laughing stock they do something so stupid or wrong that no one 
can take them seriously and people scorn and laugh at them.
Moral fiber is the inner strength to do what you believe to be right in difficult situations Example: He 
lacked the moral fiber to be leader (In American English the correct spelling is 'fiber'.)
Off your chump – crazy or irrational.
Out of your mind, they are so emotional about something that they are no longer rational.
Pleased as punch - when someone is pleased as punch, they are very satisfied about something.
Rest on your laurels – people rely on their past achievements, rather than trying to achieve things now.
Sharp as a tack, if someone is as sharp as a tack, they are very clever indeed. There is no fool like an old 
fool - When an older person behaves foolishly, it seems worse than when a younger person does the same, 
especially in relationships, as an older person should know better. To have the courage of your convictions - 
you are brave enough to do what you feel is right, despite any pressure for you to do something different.
Two-faced - someone who is two-faced will say one thing to your face and another when you're not 
there.
Yes-man – someone who always agrees with people in authority is a yes-man. {2} 
No doubt, one’s character, his strong and weak sides, his vices can be said in a couple of words, without 
intricate, complicated word and phrases called idioms. But it is an idiom that makes sentence sound better, 
gives it extra power, coloring and vividness.
We may say about a person, who is suspicious and not reliable, just like this, he is untrustworthy. This 
meaning is also can be said with the help of idioms, like these shady character, fly-by-night, fair-weather, 
two-timing, two-faced, duplicitous, double-dealing, double-faced. Which do you like best, first way of 
description with just a word, or the latter on, more expressive and allusive idioms? The answer is certain and 
clear. 
Here some more idioms on one’s character.

183 
Armchair critic - is a person who makes comments and criticisms about a situation that they are not 
actually doing anything to help fix the problem. Imagine a person sitting in a big, comfortable armchair and 
making criticisms about something, without getting up and taking action!
A busybody is a person who constantly wants to know about or interfere in the details of other people’s 
lives.
A cheapskate is a person who hates to spend much money – and spends little money even in cases where 
more spending is needed. In this example sentence, John should have invested more money in a gift for his 
mother, but he only spent $5! Another way to describe a person like this is “stingy.”
A couch potato is a lazy person who spends a lot of time sitting down or lying down, watching TV, 
playing video games, or doing some other activity that doesn’t involve physical activity.
A person who is down-to-earth is practical, sensible, and realistic. Being down-to-earth is the opposite of 
being a dreamer, visionary, or “having your head in the clouds.”
Describing someone as “behind the times” means the person is old-fashioned and has not adopted certain 
modern customs, beliefs, or behaviors.
A more negative word to describe a person who is “stuck in the past” is fuddy-duddy. This word is more 
of a criticism, whereas “behind the times” is more diplomatic.
A go-getter is a person who is active, energetic, and has the initiative to pursue the things they want.
A goody-goody or goody two shoes is a person who always acts good, sweet, or nice, and follows the 
rules perfectly. They never do anything bad or rebellious.
A know-it-all is a person who thinks they know everything, and that their opinions and ideas are the best.
The idioms “smart Alec” and “wise guy” are similar, but have more of a connotation of a person who 
demonstrates their cleverness in an arrogant or sarcastic way.
A “man of his word” or “woman of her word” is a person you can trust because they tell the truth and 
keep promises.
A mover and shaker is an active person who helps their company, organization, or group make progress. 
A person who is set in his or her ways is stubborn and committed to their current way of doing things. They 
aren’t open to changing, even if the change would be an improvement.
A slime ball is a disgusting, horrible, person who deserves to be hated. A person can be described as a 
slime ball in any context (not only romantic relationships). This word can be used for anybody who did an 
especially terrible, dishonest, or violent action.
A social butterfly is an extroverted person who loves to socialize. Like a butterfly goes quickly from 
flower to flower, a “social butterfly” often goes around a room having conversations with many people.
Someone who is a “stickler for [something]“ is a person who strongly insists on that quality or behavior, 
and wants or expects other people to maintain the same standard. People are usually sticklers for some rule 
of correctness, such as neatness/cleanliness, punctuality, correct grammar, tradition, accuracy, etc. wet 
blanket / party pooper / spoilsport / killjoy / stick-in-the-mud - These idioms describe a person who 
discourages fun or enjoyment for other people, or who prevents other people from having fun, through their 
actions or their negative attitudes. A worrywart is a person who worries constantly and excessively. 
People are different, contradistinctive and individual. One is a coach potato, whereas the second is live 
wire. The third is many-sided, crackerjack; nobody’s fool and quick-witted, while someone is featherbrained 
and muddle-headed. In 21
st
century, the age of globalization and communication, in this quick and rapid, 
winged and fleet time, in order to be competitive and worthy, one must be well-informed and widely read, all 
there and long-haired, egg headed. Multifarious, innumerable, lousy with rich meaning idioms will be 
helpful there.
List 

жүктеу/скачать 2.33 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: