4 Космическое рентгеновское и гамма-излучение

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

Зельдович Я.Б., Судьба звезды и выделение гравитационной энергии при аккреции, ДАН СССР, 155, сс. 67 –69, 1964.

Кудрявцев М.И., Свертилов С.И. и В.В. Богомолов, Наблюдения рентгеновских двойных 4U1700-37 и GRO 1655-40 в эксперименте «ГРИФ» на орбитальной станции «Мир», Письма в Астрон. журн., 27, cc. 762-773, 2001.

Кудрявцев М.И., Свертилов С.И. и В.В. Богомолов, Характеристики периодических источников жесткого рентгеновского излучения, обнаруженных в эксперименте на станции "Прогноз-9". Результаты дополнительного анализа, Письма в Астрон. журн. 1998. T.24, с.663-676.

Кудрявцев М.И., Свертилов С.И. и О.В. Морозов, Наблюдения мягких гамма- или жестких рентгеновских всплесков в эксперименте ГРИФ на орбитальной станции "Мир", Письма в Астрон. журн., 29, cс. 323-333, 2003.

Липунов В.М. и Н.И. Шакура, О природе двойных рентгеновских пульсаров, Письма в Астрон. Журн., 2, cc. 343-346, 1976.

Мазец Е.П., Голенецкий С.В., Ильинский В.Н. и др., Предварительные результаты изучения гамма-всплесков в эксперименте “Конус” на АМС “Вененра-11” и “Венера-12”, в сб. “Изучение гамма-всплесков автоматическими станциями”, отв. ред. И.В. Эстулин, Наука, Москва, 1983, сс. 124-136.

Митрофанов И.Г., Долидзе В.Ш., Бара К., Ведрен Ж., Ниель М. и К. Одри, Быстрая спектральная переменность космических гамма-всплесков, Астрон. ж., 61, сс. 939-945, 1984.

Черепащук А.М., Рентгеновские двойные системы с черными дырами, в сб. “Двойные звезды”, Космосинформ, Москва, 1997, cc. 45-104.

Arons J., Pulsars as gamma ray sources, Astron. and Astrophys. Suppl., 120, pp. 49-60, 1996.

Atteia J.-L.; Barat C.; Chernenko A. et al., Rapid variability of the strong cosmic gamma-ray burst GB 881024, Astron. and Astrophys., 244, pp. 363-366, 1991.

Band D., Matteson J., Ford L. et al.), BATSE observations of gamma-ray burst spectra. I - Spectral diversity, Astrophys. J., 413, p.281-292, 1993.

Barger A.J., Cowie L.L., Bautz M.W. et al., Supermassive Black Hole Accretion History Inferred from a Large Sample of Chandra Hard X-Ray Sources, Astron. J., 122, 5, pp. 2177-2189, 2001.

Baring M. and A. Harding, A New Class of Radio Quiet Pulsars, Proc. of the Fourth Compton Symposium, eds. C.D. Dermer, M.S. St rickman and J.D. Kurfess, Williamsburg, VA 1997, in AIP Conference Proceedings 410, New York 1997, p. 638.

Barkana R. and A. Loeb, In the beginning: the first sources of light and the reionization of the universe, Phys. Rep., 349, 2, pp. 125-238, 2001.

Barraud C., Olive J.F., Lestrade J.P. et al., Spectral analysis of 35 GRBs/XRFs observed with HETE-2/FREGATE. Astron. and Astrophys., 400, pp. 1021-1030, 2003.

Bassani L., Dean A.J., Di Cocco G., Perotti F., and J.B. Stephen, Gamma-Ray Observations of Cygnus X-1, Astrophys. J., 343, pp. 313-316, 1989.

Bednarek W., On the gamma-ray emission from 3C 279, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 402, pp. L29-L32, 1993.

Belloni T., Klein-Wolt M., Mendez M. et al., A model-independent analysis of the variability of GRS1915+105, Astron. and Astrophys., 355, pp. 271-290, 2000.

Bildsten L.,Chakrabarty D.,Chiu J. et al., Observations of Accreting Pulsars , Astrophys. J. Suppl., 113, pp. 367-408, 1997.

Blandford R.D. and A. Levinson, Pair cascades in extragalactic jets. 1: Gamma rays, Astrophys. J., 441, pp. 79-95, 1995.

Blain A.W. and P. Natarajan, Gamma-ray bursts and the history of star formation, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 312, pp. L35-L38, 2000.

Blazejowski M., Sikora M., Moderski R. and G. Madejski, Unifying MeV-blazars with GeV-blazars, in Proc. Symp. “New Visions of the Universe in the XMM-Newton and Chandra Era”, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 2001.

Blondin J.M., Stevens I.R. and T.R. Kallman, Enhanced winds and tidal streams in massive X-ray binaries, Astrophys. J., 371. pp. 684-695, 1991.

Bloom J.S., Djorgovski S.G., Kulkarni S.R. and D.A. Frail, The Host Galaxy of GRB 970508, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 507, 1, pp. L25-L28, 1998.

Boella G., Butler R.C., Perola G.C., Piro L., Scarsi L. and J.A.M. Bleeker, BeppoSAX, the wide band mission for X-ray astronomy, Astron. and Astrophys. Suppl., 122, pp. 299-307, 1997.

Bromm V. and A. Loeb, The Expected Redshift Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Astrophys. J., 575,
pp. 111-116, 2002.

Callanan P.J., Garcia M.R., Filippenko A.V. et al., On the Mass of the Black Hole in GS 2000+25, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 470, pp. L57-L60, 1996.

Caraveo P.A., Bignami G.F., Trumper J., Radio-silent isolated neutron stars as a new astronomical reality, Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 1996. V.7, p.209-216.

Casares J., Martin E.L., Charles P.A. et al., On the mass of the compact object in GRO J0422+32, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 276, pp. L35-L39, 1995.

Cash, W.C., White, N. and M.K. Joy, The Maxim Pathfinder Mission: x-ray imaging at 100 micro-arcseconds, Proc. SPIE 4012, X-Ray Optics Instruments and Missions, eds. J.E. Trumper and B. Aschenbach, pp. 258-269, 2000.

Castro-Tirado A.J., Brandt S. and N. Lund, GRS 1915+105, IAU Circ. № 5590, 1992.

Chakrabarty D., Grunsfeld J.M., Prince T.A. et al., Discovery of the Orbit of the X-ray pulsar OAO 1657-415 Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 403, pp. L33-L37, 1993.

Cheng K.S. and M.A. Ruderman, Pulsar death lines and death valley , Astrophys. J., 402. pp. 264-270, 1993.Cheng K.S., Ho C. And M.A. Ruderman, Energetic radiation from rapidly spinning pulsars. I - Outer magnetosphere gaps. II - VELA and Crab, Astrophys. J., 300. pp. 500-539, 1986.

Cheng K.S., Ho C. and M.A. Ruderman, Energetic radiation from rapidly spinning pulsars. I - Outer magnetosphere gaps. II - VELA and Crab, Astrophys. J., 300. pp. 500-539, 1986.

Cheng K.S. and M.A. Ruderman, Pulsar death lines and death valley , Astrophys. J., 402. pp. 264-270, 1993.

Cline T.L. and U.D. Desai, Observations of cosmic gamma-ray bursts with IMP-7 - Evidence for a single spectrum, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 196, pp. L43-L46, 1975

Cline T.L., Gamma ray bursts - A review of recent high-precision measurements, Annot. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 375, pp. 314-329, 1981.

Collin S., Abrassart A., Czerny B., Dumont A.-M. and M. Mouchet, Accretion and emission processes in AGN: the UV-X connection, in Active galactic nuclei in their cosmic environment, EAS Publications Series, 1, JENAM 99, Toulouse, France, September 7-9, 1999, eds B. Rocca-Volmerange and H.S. Les Ulis, EDP Sciences, ISBN 2-86883-563-5, pp. 35-51, 2001.

Cominski L.R. and K.S. Wood, Discovery of a 7.1 hour period and eclipses from MXB 1659-29, Astrophys. J., 283, pp. 765-773, 1984.

Cominski L.R., Jernigan J.G., Ossman W. et al., A search for pulsations and eclipses from X-ray burst sources, Astrophys. J., 242, pp. 1102-1106, 1980.

Corbet R.H.D., The three types of high-mass X-ray pulsator, Monthly Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 220. pp. 1047-1056, 1986.

Courvoisier T. J-L., Parmar A.N., Peacock A. and M. Pakull, The discovery of 39 hour periodic dips in the X-ray intensity of XB 1254–690, Astrophys. J., 309, pp. 265-274, 1986.

Cui W., Schulz N.S., Baganoff F.K. et al., Peculiar Extended X-Ray Emission around the ``Radio-loud'' Black Hole Candidate 1E 1740.7-2942, Astropys J., 548, pp. 394-400, 2001.

Cui W., Zhang S.N., Focke W. And J.H. Swank, Temporal Properties of Cygnus X-1 during the Spectral Transitions, Astrophys. J., 484, pp. 383-393, 1997.

Daugherty J.K., and A.K. Harding, Electromagnetic cascades in pulsars, Astrophys. J., 252, pp. 337-347, 1982.

Davidson K. and J.P. Ostriker, Neutron-Star Accretion in a Stellar Wind: Model for a Pulsed X-Ray Source, Astrophys. J., 179. pp. 585-598, 1973.

Dermer C.D., and J. Chiang, Electron acceleration and synchrotron radiation in decelerating plasmoids, New Astron., 3, pp. 157-173, 1998.

Donaghy T., Lamb D.Q., Reichart D.E. and C. Graziani, Determining the GRB (Redshift, Luminosity) - Distribution Using Burst Variability, Gamma-Ray Burst and Afterglow Astronomy 2001: A Workshop Celebrating the First Year of the HETE Mission, AIP Conference Proceedings, 662, pp. 450-453, 2003.

Donea A.C., and R.J. Protheroe, Tori and TeV gamma-ray emission in AGN, Proc. 27^th ICRC, Copernicus Gesellschaft 2001, pp. 2717-2720.

Dubus G. Charles P.A., Long K.S., HakalaP.J.; and E. Kulkers, The eclipsing X-ray pulsar X-7 in M33, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 302, pp. 731-734, 1999.

Duncan R.C., and Thomson C., Formation of very strongly magnetized neutron stars - Implications for gamma-ray bursts, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 392, pp. L9-L13, 1992.Галама и др. (Galama T.J., Briggs M.S. and R.A.M.J. Wijers), Astro-ph/9903021, 1999.

Eichler D., Livio M., Piran T. and D.N. Schramm, Nucleosynthesis, neutrino bursts and gamma-rays from coalescing neutron stars , Nature, 340, pp. 126-128, 1989.

Finger M.H., Koh D.T., Nelson R.W. et al., Discovery of hard X-ray pulsations from the transient source GRO J1744-28, Nature, 381, pp. 291-293, 1996.

Fishman G.J., Meegan C.A., Wilson R.B. et al., The first BATSE gamma-ray burst catalog, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 92, pp. 229-283, 1994.

Flowers E. and M. Ruderman, Evolution of pulsar magnetic fields, Astrophys. J., 215, pp. 302-310, 1977.

Fossati G., Marashi L., Gelotti A., Comastri A. and G. Ghisellini, A unifying view of the spectral energy distributions of blazars, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 299, pp. 433-448, 1998.

Frontera F., Recent Results on Gamma-Ray Bursts with the Bepposax Satellite, Proc 25^th ICRC, 30 July - 6 August 1997, Durban, South Africa, eds. M.S. Potgieter, B.C. Raubenheimer and D.J. van der Walt, River Edge, Singapore, World Scientific, NJ, 8, pp. 307-315, 1997.

Fynbo J.P.U., Sollerman J., Hjorth J., et al., On the Afterglow of the X-Ray Flash of July 23 2003: Photometric evidence for an off-axis Gamma-Ray Burst with an associated Supernova?, Astrophys.J., 609, pp. 962-971, 2004.

Galama T.J., Briggs M.S., Wijers R.A.M. et al., The effect of magnetic fields on gamma-ray bursts inferred from multi-wavelength observations of the burst of 23 January 1999, Nature, 398, pp. 394-399, 1999.

Gaensler B., and S. Johnston, The pulsar/supernova remnant connection, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 277, pp. 1243-1253, 1995.

Gehrels N., Nasa Science Official, Project homepage http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/, 2004а.

Gehrels N., Nasa Science Official, Project homepage http://glast.gsfc.nasa.gov/, 2004б.

Ghisellini G., and L. Marashi, Bulk acceleration in relativistic jets and the spectral properties of blazers, Astrophys. J., 340, pp. 181-189, 1989.

Ghisellini G., and P. Madau, On the origin of the gamma-ray emission in blazers, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 280, pp. 67-76, 1996.

Ghisellini G., Padovani P., Gelotti A. and L. Marashi, Relativistic bulk motion in active galactic nuclei, Astrophys. J., 407, pp. 65-82, 1993.

Goldreich P. and W.H. Julian, Pulsar Electrodynamics, Astrophys. J., 157. pp. 869-880, 1969.

Giacconi R., Gursky H., Kellog E., Schreier E. and H. Tananbaum, Discovery of Periodic X-Ray Pulsations in Centaurus X-3 from UHURU, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 167, pp. L67-L73, 1971.

Giacconi R., Gursky H., Paolini F. And B. Rossi, Evidence for X-Rays From Sources Outside the Solar System, Phys. Rev. Lett., 9, pp. 439-443, 1962.

Giacconi R., Murray S., Gursky H. et al., The Third UHURU Catalog of X-Ray Sources, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 27. pp. 37-64, 1974.

Giacconi R., Gursky H., Kellog E., Schreier E. and H. Tananbaum, Discovery of Periodic X-Ray Pulsations in Centaurus X-3 from UHURU, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 167, pp. L67-L73, 1971.

Gil J.A., and J.L. Han, Geometry of Pulsar Emission and Pulse Width Distribution, Astrophys. J., 458,

Gotthelf F.V., Petre R. and U. Hwang, The Nature of the Radio-quiet Compact X-Ray Source in SNR RCW 103, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 487, pp. L175-L179, 1997.

Gottlieb E.W., Wright E.L. and W. Liller, Optical studies of UHURU sources. XI. A probable period for Scorpius X-1 = V818 Sco, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 195, pp. L33-L35, 1975.

Gotz D., Mereghetti S., Beck M., Borkowski J. and N. Mowlavi, GRB 031203: a long GRB detected with INTEGRAL, GRB Coordinates Network, Circular Service, 2459, p. 1, 2003.

Harding A.K., Gamma-ray Pulsars: Models and Predictions, High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy, Int. Symp., 26-30 June, 2000, Heidelberg, Germany, American Institute of Physics (AIP) Proceedings, 558, eds. F.A. Aharonian and H.J. Völk, American Institute of Physics, Melville, New York, ISBN 1-56396-990-4, pp. 115-126, 2000.

Harmon B.A., Wilson C.A., Zhang S.N. et al., Correlations Between X-Ray Outbursts and Relativistic Ejections in the X-Ray Transient GRO:J1655-40, Nature, 374, p. 703, 1995.

Hellier C., 4U 0142+614 and RX J0146.9+6121, IAU Circ., №5994, 1994.

Heyl J.S.,and L. Hernquist, Powering Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars by Neutron Star Cooling, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 489, pp. L67-L70, 1997.

Hirotani K., and S. Shibata, One-dimensional electric field structure of an outer gap accelerator - II. gamma-ray production resulting from inverse Compton scattering, Monthly Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 308, pp. 67-76, 1999.

Hjellming R.M. and M.P. Rupen, Episodic Ejection of Relativistic Jets by the X-Ray Transient GRO:J1655-40, Nature, 375, p. 464, 1995.

Hjorth J., Sollerman J., Moller. P. et al., A very energetic supernova associated with the gamma-ray burst of 29 March 2003, Nature, 423, pp. 847-850, 2003.

Holt S.S., Boldt E.A., Serlemitsos P.J. and R.J. Kaluzienski, Long-term X-ray studies of Scorpius X-1. II - Evidence for flare-dominated intensity variations, Astrophys. J.(Lett.), 205, pp. L79-L82, 1976.

Hoffman J.A., MarshallH. and W.H.G. Lewin, X-Ray Bursts, IAU Circ., №3117, 1977.

Hughes D.H., Serjeant S., Dunlop J.S. et al., High-redshift star formation in the Hubble Deep Field revealed by a submillimetre-wavelength survey, Nature, 394, pp. 241-247, 1998.

in’t Zand J.J.M., Heisse J., Bazzano A., Cocchi M., di Ciolo L. and J.M. Muller, SAX J1819.3-2525, IAU Circ. №7119, 1999.

Israel G.L., Oosterbroek T., Angelini L. et al., BeppoSAX monitoring of the ”anomalous” X-ray pulsar 4U0142+61, Astron. and Astrophys., 346, p. 929, 1999.

Israel G.L., Treves A., Stella L., Tagliaferri G. and T. Belloni, X-Ray Sources in M31, IAU Circ. №6156, 1995.

Ives J.C., Sanford P.W. and S.J.Bell-Burnell), Observations of a transient X-ray source with regular periodicity of 6.75 min, Nature, 254, pp. 578-580, 1975.

Iwasawa K., Koyama K. and J.P. Halpern, Pulse period history and cyclotron resonance feature of the X-ray pulsar 1E 2259+586, Pasific Astron. Soc. J., 44, pp. 9-14, 1992.

Janka H.-T., Eberl T., Ruffert M. and C.L. Fryer, Black Hole-Neutron Star Mergers as Central Engines of Gamma-Ray Bursts, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 527, pp. L39-L42, 1999.

Jernigan J.G. and G.W. Clark, The locations of X-ray sources in globular clusters, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 231, pp. L125-L129, 1979.

Joss P.C. and F.K. Li, Helium-burning flashes on accreting neutron stars - Effects of stellar mass, radius, and magnetic field, Astrophys. J., 238, pp. 287-295, 1980.

Joss P.C. and S.A. Rappaport, Highly compact binary X-ray sources, Astron. and Astrophys., 71, pp. 217-220, 1979.

Joss P.C., Helium-burning flashes on an accreting neutron star - A model for X-ray burst sources, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 225, pp. L123-127, 1978.

Kane S.R. and G.H. Share, Hard X-ray spectra of cosmic gamma-ray bursts, Astrophys. J., 217, pp. 549-564, 1977.

Kaspi V., Manchester R.N., Johnston S., Lyne A.G., N. D'Amico, A Search for Radio Pulsars in Southern Supernova Remnants, Astron. J., 111, p. 2028, 1996.

Katz J.I., Two kinds of stellar collapse, Nature, 253, pp. 698-699, 1975.

Kelly R.L., Rappaport S. and S. Ayasli, Orbital period changes in Centaurus X-3, Astrophys. J., 268, pp. 790-799, 1983.

Klebesadel R.W., Strong I.B. and A.R. Olson, Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts of Cosmic Origin, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 182, pp. L85-L88, 1973.

Koh D., Bildsten L., Chakrabarty D., et al., Rapid Spin-up Episodes in the Wind-fed Accreting Pulsar GX 301-2, Astrophys. J., 479, pp. 933-947, 1997.

Kommers M., Jefferson M., Lewin W.H.G. et al., The Intensity Distribution of Faint Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected with BATSE, Astrophys. J., 533, pp. 696-709, 2000.

Konigl A., Relativistic jets as X-ray and gamma-ray sources, Astrophys. J., 243, pp. 700-709, 1981.

Koyama K., Kawada M., Takeuchi Y. et al., Discovery of a peculiar X-ray pulsar GS 1843+00, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 356, pp. L47-L50, 1990.

Kroeger R.A., Strickman M.S., Grove J.E., Gamma-ray observations of GRO J1655-40, Astron. andAstrophys. Suppl. Ser., 120, pp. 117-120, 1996.

Kruszevski A., Surdej J., Zalewski J. and I. Semeniuk, Short-term optical variability of HD 153919 = 4U1700-37, Acta Astron. 1979, 29, pp. 481-503, 1979.

Kulkarni S.R., Djorgoski S.G., Ramaprakash A.N. et al., Identification of a host galaxy at redshift Z = 3.42 for the gamma-ray burst of 14 December 1997, Nature, 393, pp. 35-39, 1998.

Lamb F.K., Pethick C.J. and D. Pines, A Model for Compact X-Ray Sources: Accretion by Rotating Magnetic Stars, Astrophys. J., 184, pp. 271-290, 1973.

Lumb D.H., Simulations and mitigation of pile-up in XMM CCD instruments, Experimental Astron., 10, pp. 439-455, 2000.

Laros J.G., Evans W.D., Fenimore E.E., Klebesadel R.W., Shulman S. and G. Fritz, 3 keV to 2 MeV observations of four gamma-ray bursts, Astrophys. J. 286, pp. 681-690, 1984.

Lawrence A., and I. Papadakis, X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei - A universal power spectrum with luminosity-dependent amplitude, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 414, pp. L85-L88, 1993.

Levine A., Bradt H., Cui W. et al., First Results from the All-Sky Monitor on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 469, pp. L33-L36, 1996.

Lewin W.H.G. and P.C. Joss, X-ray bursters and the X-ray sources of the galactic bulge, Space Sci. Rev., 28, pp. 3-87, 1981.

Lewin W.H.G., Doty J., Clark G.W. et al., The discovery of rapidly repetitive X-ray bursts from a new source in Scorpius, Astrophys. J.(Lett.), 207, pp. L95-L99, 1976.

Lipunov V.M., Postnov K.A., Prokhorov M.E., Panchenko I.E. and H.E. Jorgensen, Evolution of the Double Neutron Star Merging Rate and the Cosmological Origin of Gamma-Ray Burst Sources, Astrophys. J., 454, pp. 593-596, 1995.

Lorimer D.R., Lyne A.C. and F. Camilo, A search for pulsars in supernova remnants, Astron. and Astrophys., 331, pp. 1002-1010, 1998.

MacFadyen A.I., Woosley S.E., Heger A., Supernovae, Jets, and Collapsars, Astrophys. J., 550, pp. 410-425, 2001.

Madau P., Della Valle M. and N. Panagia, On the evolution of the cosmic supernova rates, Month. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., 297, pp. L17-L22, 1998.

Mallozzi R.S., Paciesas W.S., Pendleton G.N. et al., The nu F nu Peak Energy Distributions of Gamma-Ray Bursts Observed by BATSE, Astrophys. J., 454, pp. 597-603, 1995.

Mannheim K., and P.L. Biermann, Gamma-ray flaring of 3C 279 - A proton-initiated cascade in the jet?, Astron. and Astrophys., 253, pp. L21-L24, 1992.

Marsher A.P., and W.K. Gear, Models for high-frequency radio outbursts in extragalactic sources, with application to the early 1983 millimeter-to-infrared flare of 3C 273, Astrophys. J., 298, pp. 114-127, 1985.

Mason K.O., Branduardi G. and P. Sanford, The X-ray behavior of 3U 1700-37, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 203,

Matz S.M., Forrest D.J., Vestrand W.T., Chupp E.L., Share G.H. and E. Rieger, High-energy emission in gamma-ray bursts , Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 288, pp. L37-L40, 1985.

Mazets E.P. and S.V. Golenetskii, Recent results from the gamma-ray burst studies in the KONUS experiment, Astrophys. Space Sci., 75, pp. 47-81, 1981.

Mazets E.P., Golenetskii S.V., Ilinskii V.N. et al., Catalog of cosmic gamma-ray bursts from the KONUS experiment data. I., Astrophys. Space Sci., .80, pp. 3-83, 1981.

Meegan C.A., Fishman, G.J., Wilson R.B. et al., Spatial distribution of gamma-ray bursts observed by BATSE, Nature, 355, pp. 143-145, 1992.

Mereghetti S., and L. Stella, The very low mass X-ray binary pulsars: A new class of sources?, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), .442, pp. L17-L20, 1995.

Mereghetti S., Cremonesi D.I., Haardt F. et al., ASCA Observations of the Galactic Bulge Hard X-Ray Source GRS 1758-258, Astrophys. J., 476, pp. 829-832, 1997.

Mereghetti S., The zoo of X-ray pulsars, Frontier Objects in Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Vulcano Workshop, Italy, 21-27 May, 2000, eds. F. Giovannelli and G. Mannocchi, Italian Physical Society 2001., p. 239.

Meszaros P. and M. Rees, Relativistic fireballs and their impact on external matter - Models for cosmological gamma-ray bursts, Astrophys. J., 405, pp. 278-284, 1993.

Mirabel I.F. and L.F. Rodriguez, A Superluminal Source in the Galaxy, Nature, 371, pp. 46, 1994.

Mirabel I.F., Rodriguez L.F., Cordier B. et al., A double-sided radio jet from the compact Galactic Centre annihilator 1E140.7 – 2942, Nature, 358, pp. 215-217, 1992.

Nagase F., Accretion-powered X-ray pulsars, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan, 41. pp. 1-79, 1989.

Nandra K., George I.M., Mushotzky R.F. et al., ASCA Observations of Seyfert 1 Galaxies. I. Data Analysis, Imaging, and Timing, Astrophys. J., 476, pp. 70-82, 1997.

Narayan R., Garcia M.R. and J.E. McClintock, X-ray novae and the evidence for black hole event horizons, in “The Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting”, Proc. of the MGIXMM Meeting held at The University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy, 2-8 July, 2000, eds. V.G. Gurzadyan, R.T. Jantzen and R. Ruffini, World Scientific Publishing, Singapure, ISBN 981-238-995-4 (Part A), pp. 405 – 425, 2002.

Narayan R., Paczynski B. and T.Piran, Gamma-ray bursts as the death throes of massive binary stars, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 395, pp. L83-L86, 1992.

Narayan R., Piran T. and A. Shemi, Neutron star and black hole binaries in the Galaxy, Astrophys. J. (Lett.), 379, pp. L17-L20, 1991.

Nel H.I., de Jager O.C., Raubenheimer B.C., Brink C., Meintjes P.J. and A.R. North, TeV Gamma-Ray Observations of Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory Pulsars: Evidence against Inverse-Compton Controlled Outer Gaps, Astrophys. J., 418,
pp. 836-843, 1993.

Nelson R., Koh D.T., Prince T. et al., On the Dramatic Spin-up/Spin-Down Torque Transitions in BATSE Observations of X-ray Pulsars, American Astronomical Society, 189th AAS Meeting, #113.03, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 28,

Norris, J. P. Implications of the Lag-Luminosity Relationship for Unified Gamma-Ray Burst Paradigms, Astrophys. J., 579, pp. 386-403, 2002.

O’Neill T.J., Akyuez A., Bhattacharya D. et al., Tracking, imaging and polarimeter properties of the TIGRE instrument, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 120, pp. 661-664, 1996.

Oosterbroek T., Parmar A.N., Mereghetti S. and G.L. Israel, The two-component X-ray spectrum of the 6.4 s pulsar 1E 1048.1-5937, Astron. and Astrophys., 334, pp. 925-930, 1998.

Orosz J.A. and C.D. Bailyn, Erratum: Optical Observations of GRO J1655-40 in Quiescence. I. A Precise Mass for the Black Hole Primary, Astrophys. J., 482, p. 1086, 1997.

Orosz J.A., Groot P.J., Van Der Klis M. et al., Dynamical Evidence for a Black Hole in the Microquasar XTE J1550-564, Astrophys. J., 568, pp. 845-861, 2001а.