Ғылымдар бойынша ХХV республикалық студенттік ғылыми конференциясының
жүктеу/скачать 5.25 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- RATIONAL NUTRITION OF CHILDREN Seidullaeva A.A., Smailova A.N.
| Used literature
1. History of pedagogy (History of education and pedagogical thought). Textbook KazGosKyzPU - Almaty, 2009. - 398 p. 2. Ustemirov K., Shametov N., Vasiliev I. Professional pedagogy: college, Textbook for university students / Almaty, LLP "Naz-9", 2006 - 280 p. 3. Legislation on education in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Legislative acts set. - Almaty: 2005. - 192 p. 4. Kalymbetova EK Occupational Psychology: Textbook - Almaty: Kazakh University, 2008 - 158p. 5. Елеусінов, О. Makhanbetov Training of qualified specialists is the main thing goal. // Journal of vocational school №6 (36), 2009 Ж. Smankulova. High quality of education and profession. // Vocational school UDC664 RATIONAL NUTRITION OF CHILDREN Seidullaeva A.A., Smailova A.N. – studentsof the groupZhT-18-2t Utebaeva A.A. – PhD доктор Nutrition is an important factor affecting the vital activity of the body of children and adolescents, their normal development and health. And also nutrition forms the development of the intellect and the central nervous system of children. Rational nutrition of children and adolescents increases immunity and body resistance to adverse environmental factors. A child's body differs from an adult's in rapid growth and development, high levels of redox processes, a positive nitrogen balance, and high energy consumption . Properly formulated nutrition is important for normal physical children, increases their work ability and academic performance, endurance, resistance to the influences of adverse environmental factors, as well as to infectious and other diseases. Therefore, for the rational nutrition of children and adolescents, it is necessary to carefully choose food products and their ratios, as well as methods of cooking, etc. Excess food causes diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, excessive weight gain, and a lack of food, on the contrary, leads to emaciation, etc. The nutrition of children from 1 to 3 years of age is transitional from infant feeding to adult nutrition. At this age, there is still a rather low activity of digestive enzymes, the chewing apparatus is not fully developed, and the gastrointestinal tract immunological protectionis reduced. According to modern WHO recommendations, feeding children with human milk should be kept up to 1.5-2 years. Therefore, in the second year of life, breastfeeding should continue, however, after a year, women's milk provides only a small part of the energy requirement, and performs to a greater extent the function of biological protection and psychological connection with the mother. In early age is recommended to use specialized food for children from 1 to 3 years. These products include adapted milk formulas for children older than one year old, dairy and sour-milk products for young children, instant cereals, meat and fish, vegetable, fruit and berry canned products for baby food. 93 Principles of rational nutrition of young children: 1. The principle of nutrition physiological adequacy. 2. The principle of nutrition energy adequacy. 3. Multi-component balance of the diet for all replaceable and irreplaceable nutritional factors, including proteins, dietary fats, various classes of carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins. 4. The maximum variety of the diet with the gradual introduction of new dishes. 5. Technological and culinary processing of food products and meals appropriate to the age and health state. 6. Nutrient principle pre-security [1]. Table 1. Norms of physiological requirements for energy and nutrients for childrenearly and preschool age, g (kcal) / day Food ingredients Age groups 1 -2 years 2 -3 years 37 years Energy ( kcal ) 1200 1400 1800 Protein, g 36 g 42 g 54 g incl. animal protein , (%) 70 65 Fats, g 40 g 47 g 60g Carbohydrates, g 174 g 203 g 261 g The consequences of improper nutrition of children are manifested in the process of life, under adverse external conditions, diseases, as well as increased academic workload at school. For meeting the physiological needs of children for nutrients and energy, as well as good digestibility, satiety, academic performance, it is important to develop in children a conscious adherence to a rational diet. Proper nutrition in adolescence from 10-14 to 18 years, which plays an important role in the formation of a maturing organism. In adolescence, there are significant changes in the body's response to various environmental factors, their body weight increases, there is a rapid growth of tissues and body systems, as well as puberty [1,2]. In the period from 10 to 16 years, there is an accelerated growth of the body, the active formation of endocrine glands, a number of parts of the brain are formed. Uneven maturation of various organs of children during this period leads to increased fatigue, excitability, irritability, and negativism. According to statistics, about 30% of chronic diseases in adolescents studying in educational institutions are associated with malnutrition. In recent years, due to malnutrition of adolescents, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders and anemia have increased among them. There is a deficiency and lack of vitamins C , B1, B2, beta-carotene, iron, calcium, iodine , zinc, polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber. The most important principle of rational nutrition of children and adolescents is compliance with the calorie content of the diet to the energy costs of the body [3]. Food is a necessary building material for the growth and development of a young organism. Energy expenditure in children and adolescents is significantly higher than in adults. The nutrient and energy requirements of children and adolescents are shown in Table 2. Table 2. Average daily norms of physiological requirements for energy and food ingredients for children and adolescents Indicator (per day) Age group from 7 to 11 years old from 11 to 14 years old from 14 to 18 years old boys girls young men girls Energy ( kcal ) 2100 2500 2300 2900 2500 Protein, g 63 75 69 87 75 incl. animal, (%) 60 Fats, g 70 83 77 97 83 Carbohydrates, g 305 363 334 421 363 Insufficient calorie content of the diet leads to rapid exhaustion and dysfunction of all organs and systems [1, 4]. The diversity of the diet is the main condition for ensuring its balance. Balanced diet for children and adolescentsachieved by including in the diet a diverse range ofproducts of animal and vegetable origin. Daily in dietsnutrition of children and adolescents is important to include meat, milk, butter andvegetable oil, sour-milk drinks, rye and wheat bread, andalso fish, eggs and cheese. Thus, adherence to the principles of healthy nutrition and the formation of a balanced diet will ensure the proper development and health of children and adolescents for the next years of life. жүктеу/скачать 5.25 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|