Тяжелые металлы в окружающей среде

202
203
Ta
ble 1 
T
he
 d
eve
lop
m
en
t of
 the
 d
iff
er
en
t pha
se
s of
 p
lan
ts
 
Sp
eci
es
B
uds ope
nin
g 
Flowe
r for
mation
Flowe
rin
g 
Fruit 
ripe
nin
g 
The
e
nd
of
ve
ge
tative
p
e-
riod
The
dura
tion 
of ve
ge
tative 
pe
riod
1
st
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
1
st
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
1
st
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
1
st
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
1
st
pl
ac
e o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
1
st
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
Ma
ple
(Ac
er ne
dund
o)
-4
-3
-4
-3
-7
-5
-10
-7
+7
+5
-10
-6
B
lac
k 
popla
rs
(Populus ni
gra
) 
-12
-6
-10
-5
-11
-7
-13
-8
+5
+3
-9
-5
Elm
(Ulmus
 pumila
) 
-3
-2
-3
-2
-5
-2
-6
-4
+5
+3
-3
-3
W
hit
e a
ca
cia
(R
obi
ni
as
eu
doac
a-
ci
a)
-3
-2
-2
-1
-2
-5
-3
+8
+5
-7
-4
B
ab
ylon 
will
ow
(Sali
x babil
onica
) 
-5
-3
-3
-2
-7
-3
-5
-4
+6
+5
-3
-
1 
R
ubbit
ba
rle
y 
(H
or
de
um 
lip
or
i-
num
) 
-5
-4
-4
-3
-5
-3
+4
+3
+8
+7
-4
-3
Planta
in
(
Pl
an
ta
go
 
lanc
eol
at
a)
-5
-3
-3
-2
-5
-4
-4
-3
+3
+5
-3
-
3 
Be
ll 
(Роа 
prot
en-
sis
) 
-4
-3
-4
-5
-і 
+4
+2
+9
+7
-10
-
7 
C
onti
nue
of the
Ta
ble 1 
The
T
ype
s of
Pla
nts
B
uds ope
nin
g 
Flowe
r for
mation
Flowe
rin
g 
Fruit 
ripe
nin
g 
The
e
nd
of
ve
ge
tative
pe
riod
The
dura
tion of
ve
ge
tative pe
riod
3
rd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
4
th
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
3
rd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
4
th
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
3
rd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
4
th
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
3
rd
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
4
th
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
3
rd
pl
ace
of 
res
ear
c
h 
4
th
pl
ace
o
f 
res
ear
ch
2
nd
pl
ace
o
f r
es
ea
rch
Ma
ple
(Ac
er ne
dund
o)
-2
-1
-2
-1
-4
-2
-5
-3
+4
+2
-3
B
lac
k 
popla
rs
(Populus ni
gra
) 
-2
-2
-3
-1
-
J
-2
-4
-1
+2
+2
-5
Elm
(Ulmus
 pumila
) 
-2
-1
-1
-1
-2
-1
-3
-2
+2
+ 1
-1
W
hit
e a
ca
cia
(R
obi
ni
as
eu
doac
a-
ci
a)
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
+3
+2
-1
B
ab
ylon 
will
ow
(Sali
x babil
onica
) 
- 
-2
- 
-2
-2
- 
-3
- 
+2
- 
R
ubbit
ba
rle
y 
(H
or
de
um 
lip
or
i-
num
) 
-2
-2
-4
-1
-2
-1
+2
+1
+5
+4
-3
Planta
in
(
Pl
an
ta
go
 
lanc
eol
at
a)
-3
-1
-2
-1
-3
-2
-1
0 
+3
+ 1
-2
Be
ll 
(Роа 
prot
en-
sis
) 
-2
-1
-2
-2
-J
-2
+ 1
+1
+4
+ 1
-4

204
205
During the research work it has been detected multiple aberrations in chromosomes struc-
tures. At the same time, changes in the number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) also took place (Fig. 
1). As it follows from the obtained results the frequency of aneuploid cells in Hordeum leporinum 
in the industrial area, is higher than in the clean zone and equal to 8,1±1,51%, whereas in the 
control samples is is equal to 3,2±0,83 %. 
It has been observed that total amount of aneuploid cells of the plants which were culti-
vated in intensely contaminated soils is 2.5 times higher than in control samples. The frequen-
cy of hypoploid cells of the plants growing in the ―Yujpolimetall‖ territory, is equal to 
6,2±1,22 %, whereas in the control group it is equate to 2,2±0,94 %. The frequence of 
hyperploid cells in the same zone is equal to 1,9±0,32 %, in the clean zone is 0,96±0,57 %. 
Comparing with the obseving zone the frequence of hypoploid cells is 3 times higher, 
hyperploid is 2 times higher than normal. 
Table 2 
The frequency of aneuploidy cells of plants Rubbit barley (Hordeum leporinum) 
 
Collected 
place of 
plants 
The analyzed 
of metaphas-
es number 
Hypoploid cells 
Hyperploid cells 
All aneuploid cells 
Absolute
numbers 
М ±errors 
(%) 
Absolute
numbers 
М± errors 
(%) 
Absolute
numbers 
M ±errors 
(%) 
Lead industrial 
areas
308 
19 
6,2+1,22 
6 
1,9±0,32 
25 
8,1±1,51 
Control areas
312 
7 
2,2±0,94 
-
> 
J
0,96±0,57 
10 
3,2±0,83 
Fig. 1. The set of the chromosomes of Rubbit barley (Hordeum leporinum) plants 
Metals, the formation of the genetic changes in a wide range of factors. One a metal take a 
few cells from damage. For example, cadmium DNA molecules capable of inhibiting lysosomes 

204
205
During the research work it has been detected multiple aberrations in chromosomes struc-
tures. At the same time, changes in the number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) also took place (Fig. 
1). As it follows from the obtained results the frequency of aneuploid cells in Hordeum leporinum 
in the industrial area, is higher than in the clean zone and equal to 8,1±1,51%, whereas in the 
control samples is is equal to 3,2±0,83 %. 
It has been observed that total amount of aneuploid cells of the plants which were culti-
vated in intensely contaminated soils is 2.5 times higher than in control samples. The frequen-
cy of hypoploid cells of the plants growing in the ―Yujpolimetall‖ territory, is equal to 
6,2±1,22 %, whereas in the control group it is equate to 2,2±0,94 %. The frequence of 
hyperploid cells in the same zone is equal to 1,9±0,32 %, in the clean zone is 0,96±0,57 %. 
Comparing with the obseving zone the frequence of hypoploid cells is 3 times higher, 
hyperploid is 2 times higher than normal. 
Table 2 

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