Танып оқуға арналған мәтінмен жұмыс

Танып оқуға арналған мәтінмен жұмыс

1. 
   тапсыпрма. Мәтінді оқыңыз.
   

Music

Music culture created its specific genres. Family life, social development, everyday life, poets and kuii players' competitions influenced on the appearance of art people. They were creative people and used every material in making musical instruments. There was enough of such material in the steppe-reed, wood, and leather. Also bones of animals, cattle’s horns and hoofs, simple clay were used. Among the folk musical instruments which were especially popular dombra, kobyz, sybyzgy, dayylkaz, syrnai should be named. The music was divided into songs and instrumental one (kyuis). The kyuis usually accompanied the beginning of the meetings of the kins heads. The shepherds accompanied herds of sheep performing kyuis on sybyzgy (a kind of wind-instruments like a flute).The warriors entered the battle to the sounds of dauylkaz (a beat-instrument).

So there were poets, legend tellers, singers, kuii players at the same time. If works of the author accepted by people well, other singers joined their works to own repertoires and spread to people. Winners of art competitions were respected by people.

The name of an outstanding figure of the Kazakh culture, Ybyrai (Ibragim) Altynsarin (1841-1889) is closely connected with development of the national education at the second part of the XIX centure. The 60s and 80s were the main periods of work of Y.Altynsarin.

Ybyrai Altynsarin was a famous scientist and pedagoguo-innovator. Diapason of his scientific interests and investigations was extensive. He worked on pedagogic, ethnographic study of folklore. Y.Altynsarin looked for the way of historic processes for his nation in propaganda of ideas of national education. Propaganda of enlightener ideas was a part of works of Y.Altynsarin. He wrote teaching aids as «Khyrghyz reading-book» and «Initial textbook and teaching of the Khyrghyzes (Kazakhs) to Russian language».

The name of Abai Kunanbayev (1845-1904) went down in history of the world culture with gold letters, who was called as «a great poet of Kazakhs». Work of an outstanding thinker, composer and akhyn (poet) is a remarkable and unique handiwork of the Kazakh reality. Social-economic life of Kazakhstan at the second part of the XIX centure wakened reflection in him about faith of the Kazakh nation and perspective ways of its further development. He became a carrier and continuator of the best traditions of the Kazakhs.

He shared with his thoughts, reflections and emotional experiences in prosaic narrations «Khara soz». The remarkable works of Abai «Ghakhiliya» - «words of edification» were written during about ten years (1890-1898). They represented arguments and maxims, aphorisms, parables and dialogues. Analysis of the Kazakh life, search of ways to the future was described there. Activity, art and heritage of Abai gave start to the renaissance of the Kazakh culture.

The songs sounded in campaigns, at weddings and parties of young people. Akyns (singing poets) performed songs to the accompaniment of a two-string dombra there were often contests (aityses) at the family or kin events, celebrations. Different performers participated in them: akyn (poet), zhyrau or zhyrsy (epos or legend teller), anshi and olenshi (singer), kyuishi (instrumentalist), yertekshi (a fairy tale teller), ku (humorist, imitator). The contest between the proffesional artsmen obliged them to improve the performing mastership systematically. They had to be in the centre of the events in order to react to the important themes in people`s life. People added honourable prefixes “sal” “sere” to the names of the most popular authors. One of the famous kyuishes (the kyuis performer) of the XIX century was Kurmangazy Sagyrbayev (1818-1889). A famous composer, founder of the national instrumental music, he was characterized by his unique, bright, creative play on dombra. While working at the performing mastership he reached the highest levels in art. His kyuis reflect steppe sounds, smells and colours. His famous kyui “Sary Arka” performed at the international contest by the Kazakh Academic orchestra of folk instruments was awarded with a reward and glorified the name of Kurmangazy and all Kazakh people. Akhmed Zhubanov (1906-1968) continued Kurmangazy’s work. His best works are “Abai” symphony, “Kurmangazy” opera. He collected and carefully kept Kazakh folk melodies and songs. One of A. Zhubanov’s pupils is Nurgisah Tlendiyev (1925-1998). It is a bright name in the madern musical life of the Kazakhstan. At the age of 14 Nurgisah became a conductor of an orchestra. Since that time he has made 400 orchestra preludes, plays, and music for 20 films.

Among the famous singers of Kazakhstan the first and still shining name is Kulyash Baiseytova (1912-1957). She was the country`s pride and fime, won common recognition. She was called a nightingale of the Kazakh folk. She was awarded the state reward for playing the part of Sarah in the opera “Birzhan Sarah” by M. Tuleubaev.

Another famous modern actress and singer whose name is connected with classical music is Bibigul Tulegenova. Her splendid masterships of voice, charm, ability to change immediately have been attracting spectators for many years. The inimitable talent won all the people’s recognition.

2- тапсырма. Сұрақтарға жауап береңіз.

1. 
   What kind of traditions can we distinguish?
   
2. 
   How many instruments do Kazakh people have?
   
3. 
   What kuys are traditionally based on??
   
4. 
   What kuy is the most ancient?
   
5. 
   What is an ertekshi?
   
6. 
   What is a ku?
   
7. 
   Who is the greatest Kazakh composer?
   
8. 
   Who is Kulyash Baiseytova?
   
9. 
   Who is Akhmed Zhubanov?
   
10. 
    Who is Bibigul Tulegenova?
    
11. 
    Who is M. Tuleubaev?
    
12. 
    What was a great contribution to the development of Kazakhstan ballet art?
    

A B

2. Development b) tale

3. Composer c) author

4. More than enough d) famous

5. Fairy-story e) creator

6. Writer f) improvement

7. Popular a) improvement

8. Development b) creator

9. Composer c) famous

10. More d) tale

11. fairy-story e) author

12. Creator f) over

4- тапсырма. Мәтіндегі қиын сөздерді жазып, аударыңыз

5- тапсырма. Мәтіннен түсінгеніңізді баяндап беріңіз

6- тапсырма. Мәтіннің негізгі мәнін ажыратыңыз.

II. Мәтінді оқып, қазақ тіліне аударыңыз.

The XX-th centure has brouqth the names of two qreat singers of the Kazakh musical life. The first and the briqhtest name is Kuluash Baiseitova. She had an enviable lot to be the pride and glory of the country, to win general recognition, to be called the nightingale of her native people owing to her exceptional gift and voice. She stared in all serios operas of that time. She sang the parts of Akzhunus in the opera «Er-Targyn» and Azhar in the opera «Abai». She was awarded the State Prize for the part of Sara in Mukan Tulebayev's opera «Birzhan Sara». A golden page in the history of Kazakh operatic art can be called the part of Kyz-Zhibek in the famous opera by Brusilovsky. An unforgettable impression produced Pushkin's Tatyana and Puccini's «Cio-Cio-San», sung with the charming voice of Kulyash. She lived a short but bright life. Fortunately her voice is with us records and tapes. The central street of Almaty and the music school are given the name of this favourite singer.

Another famous contemporary singer, whose name is connected with classical music is Bibigul Tulegenova. Her deep, gentle and warm soprano, the singer's charm, her brilliant vocal-mastery and splendid ability of transformation have captivated the audience for already 40 years. Her best parties are Kyz-Zhibek, Enlik-Kebek, Violleta from Verdy's opera «Traviatta», and «Tsernia» from Mozart's «Don Guano». Her inimitable talent has received the country-wide recognition. For the development of the National Opera Art the singer was awarded the title People's Artist of Kazakh Republic.

We can still admire the remarkable voice of this talented singer, listening to Russian romans and Kazakh songs of contemporary composers.

1- тапсырма. Мәтіннен тақырыпты ашатын тірек сөздерді көшіріп теріп жазыңыз.

2- тапсырма. Мәтінге бір-неше сұрақ құрастырып, оларды топтасынызға қойыңыз, сосын оның сұрағына жауап беріңіз.

1. 
   тапсырма. Use the subjunctive mood in the following sentences.
   

1. 
   I will apologize to him for being late. 2. Everybody will be glad to go there. 3. I'll eat something sweet. 4. It does not make much difference. 5. I won't go to Egypt in summer. 6. She will do her best to improve the situation. 7. He will give you a different answer. 8. Nobody blames them. 9. Do you find it inconvenient? 10. He will warn you of the danger. 11. A true friend will never fail you. 12. They will accept the invitation for Sunday. 13. I will never agree to it. 14. A wise man will find a way out of the situation. 15. It will be interesting to find out who is right.
   

2. 
   тапсырма. Open the brackets and use the subjunctive mood.
   

1. In your place I (arrange) everything yesterday. 2. At that time he (take) the necessary steps. 3. Why did you wash up? I (do) it myself. 4. She (buy) the dress, but she had no money. 5. He (advise) them what to do, but he couldn't get in touch with them. 6. We (go) to the country rain or shine, but he was busy last weekend. 7. I (come) to see him last week, but I got ill and had to stay in bed. 8. It (be) important then but not now. 9. They (take) a taxi, but there was none. 10. Why didn't you ask them to discuss your problem then? They (not postpone) it.

1- тапсырма. Мәтінді оқыңыз және қазақ тіліне аударыныз

Literature

Kazakh literary tradition is rich in oral histories. These histories were memorized and recited by the akyn, the elder responsible for remembering the legends and histories, and by jyrau, lyric poets who traveled with the high-placed khans. Most of the legends concern the activities of a batyr, or hero-warrior. Among the tales that have survived are Koblandy-batyr (fifteenth or sixteenth centure), Er Sain (sixteenth centure), and Er Targyn (sixteenth centure), all of which concern the struggle against the Kalmyks; Kozy Korpesh and Bayan Sulu, both epics; and the love lyric Kyz-Zhibek. Usually these tales were recited in a song-like chant, frequently to the accompaniment of such traditional instruments as drums and the dombra, a mandolin-like string instrument.

Kazakh writers and poets: Akhmet Baitursynov, Bakhytzhan Kanapyanov, Mirjagyp Dulatuli, Bukhar-Zhyrau Kalmakanov, Abay Qunanbayuli, Makhambet Utemisov, Mukhtar Auezov, Gabit Musrepov, Abdilda Tazhibaev, Durnyam Mashurova and many others.

The modern Kazakh literature began to form in the beginning of the 20^th century. And it did not happen by chance. During this period modern Kazakh language was being formed, new stylistic forms appeared. Kazakh writers began to master new genres.

One of the outstanding authors in the literature of the beginning of the 20^th century was Akhmet Baitursynov. He was busy with pedagogical and literary activity. His first works were the translation of Krylov`s fables; a collection of poems “Kyryk mysal” published several times was very popular among kazakh people. He wrote some articles about the Kazakh language. The name of Abai Kunanbaev (1845-1904) is signed with golden letters into the history of world literature. He is called “the greatest poet among the Kazakhs”. It is undoubtful that Abai is also an outstanding thinker. He shares his thought and sympathies in the prosaic telling “Kara Soz”.

The noticeable figure in the Kazakh literature was Myrzhakyp Dulatov (1885-1934). He is known as a poet and a prosaic. Dulatov is the author of the first Kazakh novel “The Unhappy Zhamal”.

The 30s brought away many representatives of the Kazakh intellegentsia. SakenSeifullin, Beyimbet Mailin were repressed; among these people was also Shakarim Kudaibergenov. The special role in the development of the Kazakh philosophical thought belongs to him. Shakarim was Abai`s nephew and was brought up by him. He traveled a lot, knew eastern languages, and mastered Russian perfectly. Shakarim wrote letters to Leo Tolstoi, translated Pushkin`s works into Kazakh. After Shakarim`s death not only his philosophical and historical works but also a great number of his poems, rhymes and prose were left. Among modern writers of Kazakhstan Mukhtar Auezov (1897-1961) has a special place. His grandfather was Abai Kunanbaev`s friend. Mukhtar Auezov himself graduated from the Leningrad University in 1929. His writing activity began with the play “Yenlik-Kebek”- a legend about tragic love. During his life he wrote more than 20 plays, novels and many short stories. His best work is considered to be the epic novel “Abai”. The novel had a great influence on the Kazakh literature and was translated into many languages of the world. M.Auezov was also a great translator. His translations of Tolstoi, Chekhov, Shakespare and London enriched the Kazakh literature.

2. 
   - тапсырма. Сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз.
   

1. 
   When began to form the modern Kazakh literature?
   
2. 
   What did Kazakh writers begin to master?
   
3. 
   Who was outstanding author in the literature of the beginning of the 20^th century?
   
4. 
   What activity was he busy with?
   
5. 
   What did he write about?
   
6. 
   Who was Myrzhakyp Dulatov?
   
7. 
   Who was the author of the first Kazakh novel “The Unhappy Zhamal”.
   
8. 
   What role played the development of the Kazakh philosophical thought?
   
9. 
   Who was Shakarim Kudaibergenov?
   
10. 
    Who was Mukhtar Auezov?
    
11. 
    What`s about the play “Yenlik-Kebek”?
    
12. 
    When was the opera “Abai” performed at first?
    
13. 
    What was a great contribution to the development of Kazakh literature?