- тапсырма. Мәтіннің жоспарын жасаңыз, жоспар бойынша мазмұнын айтыңыз

Irregular verbs

Write the missing words for these irregular verbs

4. 
   тапсырма. Сөйлемдерді мына берілген үстеулермен аяқтаңыз
   

1. 
   I saw Timur yesterday but I haven't seen him today.
   
2. 
   I read a newspaper yesterday but I ……………today.
   
3. 
   Last year the company made a profit but this year …….
   
4. 
   Dana worked hard at Academy last term but ………
   
5. 
   It snowed a lot last winter but ……..
   
6. 
   Our football team won a lot of games last season but we …….
   

5. 
   тапсырма. Төмендегі берілген сөздерді қолданып, сөйлемдерді жазыңыз:
   

1. 
   Mike is looking for his key. He can`t find it. He has lost his key.
   
2. 
   Dina can`t walk and her leg is in plaster. She ……….
   
3. 
   Mary`s English wasn`t very good. Now it is much better. ……….
   
4. 
   Tim didn`t have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. ……….
   
5. 
   This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. ……….
   
6. 
   Last year the bus fare was 20 tenge. Now it is 30. ……….
   

6. 
   тапсырма. Сөйлемдерді мына берілген үстеулермен аяқтаңыз
   

1. 
   After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says “Would you like something to eat?”
   

2. 
   Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says “Can I speak to Joe?”
   

3. 
   You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ………. (not/finish)
   
4. 
   You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?' You say: No, ………it. (do)
   
5. 
   You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: …………………? (find)
   
6. 
   Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks 'Is Ann still at the bank? You say: No, …………… (come back)
   

1. 
   Gulmira is on holiday. She's gone to Italy.
   
2. 
   Hello! I've just ………… to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
   
3. 
   Alice isn't here at the moment. She`s ……… to the shop to get a newspaper.
   
4. 
   Kanat has ……out. He'll be back in an hour.
   
5. 
   `Are you going to the bank?` `No, I`ve already …………to the bank.`
   

1. He already (go) by the time I (come) to the party. 2. Mother (cook) dinner before he (come). 3. When I (reach) the front door, I realized that I (loose) the key. 4. The shop (close) by the time I (get) there. 5. The scientists (carry) out many experiments before they (achieve) satisfactory results. 6. When I (arrive), he (stay) in the same hotel where we first (meet). 7. By the end of the year he (finish) research. 8. He told me that he (not see) much of her since she (move) to another town. 9. When I (come), he already (come) and (sit) near the fireplace looking through a magazine. 10. She said that they (meet) in 1998 for the first time.

2. 
   Сөздерді дұрыс айтуға жаттығыңыз
   

folk – халық, халықтық

custom – әдет, әдет-ғұрып

bridegroom –күйеу, бозбала, қыз таңдаған жігіт

bride – қалындық, бой жеткен

engagement - кездесу

secretly - жасырыну

relative – туған-туысқан

influence – әсерін тигізу, әсер ету

wedding – үйлену тойы

celebration – салтанат, мереке, мейрам

competition -жарыс

a farewell song – қоштасу өлең

validity -заңдылық

bride`s trousseau – жасау мүлкі(ұзатылған қалыңдыққа берілетін мүлік)

funeral –жерлеу, көму

snatch the goat`s carcass –қойдын ұшасын жұлып алу

ancient- ежелгі, көне

prosperity – гүлдену, өркендеу

abundance - молшылық

embody- жүзеге асыру

respect –құрметтеу, қадірлеу

1- тапсырма. Мәтінді оқыңыз және қазақ тіліне аударыныз

Customs of the wedding itself are numerous and largely regulated by tradition. Kazakh custom and tradition are the elements of family and marriage. The family was the cornerstone of nomad society. A strong family produced a strong society. In nomadic days, the elders of the extended family were tribal leaders. They put down a code of conduct and united with other tribal leaders to forge a unified Kazakh nation. According to the "way of the elders," older persons were honored and respected. They were put first, whether it was at meetings, during special occasions or festivities, when dividing military spoils, and at funeral ceremonies. Marriages were arranged to cement tribal bonds. The attitude of the bride`s parents to the bridegroom was free from many customs dictated by islam. After the engagement and the first payment of kalym the bridegroom had a right to visit the bride «secretly». Generally at the brother`s place or at the house of the bride`s relatives. The second visit was open. When islam didn`t have great influence on the family life of Kazakh people the family ties were secured by the people`s common approving. Singing chorus songs «zhar-zhar» performed at the wedding celebration. «Zhar-zhar» is a song-competition. It is usually sung by two groups of young people. The men`s group is headed by the bridegroom and the women`s one by the bride. The tradition demanded that the bride accompanied by her friends and singing a farewell song should visit every yurta of aul and the neighbouring ones.

In the bridegrooms aul the bride was greeted by traditional singing, which was called «bet ashar» (opening of the bride`s face). Besides kalym the bridegroom`s relatives prepared different presents for bride`s relatives. The bride`s parents were not in debt either. During the engagement they had to give the pledge of the engagement`s validity and presents for proposing people. The bride`s trousseau cost very expensive, sometimes exceeding the cost of the kalym.

Folk celebrations played a great role in the cultural life of Kazakh people and they were dedicated to the most important events in life – wedding, birth of the child, funeral. At the celebrations different games were arranged: horse races – baige, wrestling – kures, fighting of the horsemen who had to throw each other down from horses – saiys, or snatch the goat`s carcass one from another – kokpar. Valuable prizes were prepared for the participants of these games.

The New year Day-Nauryz- was celebrated by the Kazakh people as a beginning of spring. It is the most momentous and ancient festivity of Oriental nations. When the holiday comes, Kazakhs would put on festive table, exchanged presents and wished prosperity to each other. Traditionally they cook and roast and make all sorts of tasty meals during the holidays, for they should symbolize well-being and abundance in the coming year. The feast is timed to the noon; it is preceded and followed by a prayer in honor of the forefathers read by the mullah. In conclusion the eldest of those present gives his blessing (bata). When Kazakhs celebrate Nauryz, presence of the figure of “7” is indispensable – it embodies 7 days of the week.

The main ritual dish of this ancient holiday is Nauryz Kozhe. It includes 7 compulsory elements, each standing for a vital beginning: water, meat, salt, fat, flour, millet (rice, wheat), and milk. These components symbolize happiness, luck, wisdom, health, wealth, speed, and growth and heaven`s patronage. In spring people try to get renewed physically and spiritually-give debts, throw away old things, brush clothes, housing, canals. They apologize to their close people for the past sins, make up with neighbors, invite guests, and prepare present for the relatives. Everybody should visit seven houses and accept seven guests.

Nowdays Nauruz is celebrated in the streets, avenues and stadiums. People watch oral competitions of akyns-poets, contests in national kinds of sports. Every such celebration is accompanied by such games as “kek-beri”- a grey wolf, “kyz beri”- a wolf girl. The mass character is a feature of the sports game zharys - a horse competition. The important kind of sports contests is altyn tabak-shooting into a golden disc. All these holidays and knowledge of customs and traditions make people closer to each other; teach them to respect national culture and native land.

The Kazakh today is no longer a nomad in the literal sense. Yet the traditions that have evolved over centuries, virtues necessary to survival, are not particularly superfluous today. Strong ties to family, respect for elders, competitiveness, and a high regard for courtesy to others are traits which may well ensure the continued survival of a people in a time of reformation of its statehood, economy, and culture.

2. 
   - тапсырма. Сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз.
   

1. 
   When do Kazakh people celebrate Nauryz?
   
2. 
   What holidays are there in the Republic of Kazakhstan?
   
3. 
   How is Nauryz holiday celebrated?
   
4. 
   What means “Nauryz”?
   
5. 
   What is the main ritual dish of this festival?
   
6. 
   What does Nauryz-kozhe always include?
   
7. 
   What do seven ingredients signify?
   
8. 
   What do they symbolize?
   
9. 
   What do they have to do at this holiday?
   
10. 
    Where do they have to go?
    

2. 
   - тапсырма. Мәтіннен тақырыпты ашатын тірек сөздерді көшіріп теріп жазыңыз.
   

2. 
   - тапсырма. Келесі сөздердің мағынасын ағылшынша түсіндіріңіз:
   

custom

bridegroom

farewell song

bet ashar

baige
kokpar

Nauryz

Prayer

2. 
   - тапсырма. Мәтінді қайталап оқып шығыныз, сосын төмендегі берілген пікірлердің дұрыс не бұрыс екіндігін айтыңыз.
   

1. 
   Kazakh folk customs are discovered in the wedding ritual.
   

2. After the first payment of kalym the bridegroom didn`t have a right to visit the bride «secretly».

3. 
   Singing chorus songs «zhar-zhar» performed at the wedding celebration.
   
4. 
   Zhar-zhar» is usually sung by two groups of young people.
   
5. 
   The bride`s trousseau cost very cheap.
   
6. 
   Folk celebrations didn`t play a great role in the cultural life of Kazakh people.
   
7. 
   Nauryz- was celebrated by the Chinese people as a beginning of spring.
   
8. 
   When Kazakhs celebrate Nauryz, presence of the figure of “8”.
   
9. 
   The main ritual dish of this ancient holiday is Nauryz Kozhe.
   

2. 
   - тапсырма. Мәтін бойынша сөйлемдерді толықтырыңыз.
   

1. 
   Kazakh folk customs are ...... in the wedding ritual.
   
2. 
   After the engagement and the first …… of kalym the bridegroom had a right to visit ...... «secretly».
   
3. 
   Folk celebrations played a great role in the cultural ...... of Kazakh people.
   
4. 
   The New year Day- ……- was celebrated by the Kazakh people.
   
5. 
   The bride`s trousseau cost very ……, sometimes exceeding the cost of the kalym.
   
6. 
   The main ritual …… of this ancient …… is Nauryz Kozhe.
   
7. 
   Besides kalym the bridegroom`s relatives prepared different …… for bride`s relatives.
   
8. 
   Traditionally they cook and roast and make all sorts of tasty …… during the holidays.
   

7. 
   тапсырма. Мына сөздерге синонимдер тауып айтыңыз.
   

attitude

engagement

celebration

competition

different

main

signify

8- тапсырма. Мына сөздерге антонимдер тауып айтыңыз.

to visit

approving

celebration

farewell

validity

expensive

include

abundance

9- тапсырма. Мәтіннің жоспарын жасаңыз, жоспар бойынша мазмұнын айтыңыз.

10- тапсырма. Оқыған мәтіннен түсінгеніңізді айтыпөзіңізге белгілі қосымша мәліметтерді хабарлаңыз.

11- тапсырма. When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer? Support your answer with specific details

12- тапсырма. Use the topical vocabulary in answering the following problem ques­tions:

1. There is no need to deny that the celebrations of Nauryz Day have acquired new features and developed modern customs in the course of time.

2. Do you approve of these new customs? How will you ex­plain them to your groupmate emphasizing its difference from Nauryz Day in their cities and villages?

3. 
   Some young people refuse to observe the old rituals and have a wedding party considering it a terrible nuisance and a waste of money. What is your idea of celebrating a wedding? Should the old customs and traditions be observed or should it be held in an absolutely new manner?
   

5. What do you think of the role the tradition plays in our life and what does the successful performance of that role depend on?

13- тапсырма.

Split into groups (3—4 each) and discuss the information of the Kazakh holidays. One of the students is supposed to play the role of a person who doesn't know much, or doesn't care much for keeping traditions and observing holidays. Another is highly enthusiastic about them. Keep interrupting one an­other with questions to get more information about the holidays and traditions.

14- тапсырма. Make a round table discussion of the Kazakh holidays.

ОҚЫТУШЫНЫҢ ЖЕТЕКШІЛІГІМЕН СТУДЕНТТЕРДІҢ ӨЗ БЕТІНШЕ АТҚАРАТЫН ЖҰМЫСЫ

Грамматикалық тапсырмалар

1- тапсырма. Төмендегі жақшаның ішіндегі етістіктерді Present Perfect әлде Past Simple шақтарына қойыңыз

1. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 2. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 3. I (to see) Pete today, 4. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 8. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 9. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 10. She (to live) there last year. 11. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 12. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 13. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 14. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 15. The wind (to blow) off the man's hat, and he cannot catch it. 16. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 17. The wind (to change) in the morning.

2. 
   тапсырма. Төмендегі берілген етістіктерді Future Perfect Tense шаққа қойыңыз
   

pack learn

type buy

paint receive

cook see

1. She _ an urgent paper for the conference. 2. Bob __ his room by his mother coming. 3 He already _____ a portrait for the exhibition. 4. Peter _ dinner by the time his wife comes. 5. She__ a wedding dress by the time her wedding takes place. 6. They __ by the time we come here. 7.

1. 
   By 8 o'clock they (have) dinner. 2. By the end of the week he (finish) the translation. 3. Before you (come) I (do) all the work. 4. She (look) through the article by 12 o'clock. 5. They (receive) our letter by Monday. 6. By the time we (get) to the forest the rain (stop). 7. I think he (answer) the letter by this time. 8. We (begin) to work after we (read) all the instructions. 9. We (not do) anything until he (take) necessary steps. 10. The committee (prepare) the plan by tomorrow. 11. I suppose when my letter (reach) you I already (return) from your voyage. 12. He (pass) an exam after he (learn) all the material. 13. I am afraid they (not discuss) all the questions by the time they (come). 14. We (not be able) to start the experiment before we (obtain) the necessary data. 15. The secretary already (look) through all the papers before the boss (come). 16. My train (leave) by the time you (come) to the station.
   

1. 
   It was the poorest room he ever (see). 2. No sooner she (come) at the station than a fast London train (arrive). 3. I (finish) my work by afternoon and (sit) quietly in my armchair, thinking of the days that (pass) by. 4. The storm already (die) away, but very far off the thunder still (mutter). 5. I already (go) into the bed and (fall asleep) when my mother (knock) at the door and (ask) me to get up. 6. By the time the guests (come), she still (not be ready). 7. I (not listen)_s so I missed what she (say). 8. By 9 o'clock he (finish) work. He (go) outside. The rain (stop) but it (be) rather cool. 9. By the time I (come) the shop already (close). 10. Hardly we (leave) when our bicycle (break) down.
   

1. 
   Не (to be) abroad five years ago. 2. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 3. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child. 4. He (not yet to come) back. 5. He (to go) already? 6. When you (to see) him last? 7. I (not to see) him for ages. 8. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 9. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 10. Where you (to spend) your holidays? 11. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea? 12. While travelling in the Crimea I (to meet) your friend. 13. I never (to visit) that place. 14. He (to visit) that place last year. 15. I just (to get) a letter from Tom. 16. You (to take) any photographs while travelling in the south?
   

1. 
   тапсырма. Мәтінді оқыңыз.
   

Earlier Kazakhs were normads. The strict nomadic life laws have created moral and ethic norm. The whole clan and tribe shared the joys and sorrows of life; any unexpected traveler was an honored guest. Any steppe inhabitant knew that he was a welcome guest and had a right to his share. This steppe tradition was strictly observed and is still observed today by the host of any house.

Kazakh National house –Yurta; (NOMAD'S TENT). It consists of beautifully shaped folding trellis walls called kerege, dome-like pole- uwyks and the top hoop-shamrock. All this structure is tied around with ropes and strips of carpet. A white yurta, ak ui, was honorable and looked prosperous. A common yurta was covered with a darkcolor felt and thus was called kara ui (black house).

Smaller yurtas were put up for newly married couples and were called otau ui. Mobile camping yurtas were called zholama ui.

The main traditional dish of Kazakhs is besbarmak. Besbarmak is usually cooked of fat nutton, and arts of smoked horse thin paste. Boiled parts of meat are put on the lost serves the meal in special crockery-tabak. The bas-tabak, which is placed before the most honourable guests is used to serve the muttonhead, zhambas, horse meat delicacy and other fatty past. The esteemed guest (usually the oldest one) cuts bits and parts from the head and offers them to the other guests.

Many Kazakh holidays and festivities are accompanied by games and horse-riding contests. For instance, the game called KUZ KUWU- Catch girl- used to be an essential part of a wedding rite. The task of the bridegroom riding after a horse-riding riding bride was not just to catch her but to prove his love towards her and thus-to prove his right for her.

Before wedding the young man asks for the approval from loved girl to become his wife not for himself, but through the wife of the senior brother.

Similar tradition is not casual, as during many centuries strict laws of steppes did hot suppose open meetinds of the groom and the bride.

Very much frequently it happened so, that the bride even did not know her groom, though their parents were friends.

2- тапсырма. Төмендегі сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз

11. 
    Who were nomads?
    
12. 
    What have created the strict nomadic life laws?
    
13. 
    What did clan and tribe share?
    
14. 
    What was the steppe tradition observed?
    
15. 
    What is the main traditional dish of Kazakhs?
    
16. 
    What is Besbarmak usually cooked of
    
17. 
    How is Kazakh National house called?
    
18. 
    What does Kazakh National house always consist of?
    
19. 
    What does white yurta signify?
    
20. 
    What does otau ui symbolize?
    
21. 
    What games are many Kazakh holidays and festivities accompanied by?
    
22. 
    What is “KUZ KUWU”?
    
23. 
    What wedding ritual is there?
    

4 тапсырма. Мәтіннен түсінгеніңізді баяндап беріңіз

5 тапсырма. Мәтіннің негізгі мәнін ажыратыңыз.

II. Мәтінді оқыңыз, қазақ тіліне аударыңыз.

Kazakh yurta – киіз уй (the felt house) belongs to the Turki and in comparison with Mongolian one has higher dome-shaped outline of top, allowing to sustain gale-force winds rain and snow drifts. In opinion of the orientalist S.Rudenko, such yurta “from the point of view of design has not been surpassed by any of the nomadic peoples and is the most perfect among portable dwellings”.

Making yurta is a syncreative art. In this creative process the different kinds of traditional applied art are used: such as work with wood, weaving, making felt, weaving mates and cords, spinning thread, stamping, and embroidery. Yurtas were made only by the true masters. Kazakh yurta was on display and has received a high estimation of the experts in 1861 in Paris at the international exhibition, and also 1876 on the III Congress of orientalists in St. Petersburg.

Dome-shaped form of yurta was transformed later in magnificent east palaces and mausoleums, different monuments of cult structures, has played important role in development of portaldome architecture as a whole. In opinion of the experts, the dome structures in Great steppe have appeard much earlier. Then the ancient Roman dome buildings. Ancient dome structures are revealed by the architects at study of the ancient cities of Kazakhstan. The monumental portal-dome structures have been preserved up to nowadays. They are mausoleums of Alasha khan and Zhoshy khan in Central Kazakhstan, Aisha-Bibi near the city of Zhambyl, Syrlytam on Syrdarya, underdround mosgues of Shakpak ata on Mankystau. One of the outstanding monuments of the portaldome architecture of Kazakhstan is the complex of mausoleum-mosgue of Akhmed Yassaui in the city of Turkestan on the route of the famous Silk Road.

1- тапсырма. Мәтіннен тақырыпты ашатын тірек сөздерді көшіріп теріп жазыңыз.

2- тапсырма. Мәтінге бір-неше сұрақтар құрап жазыңыз, оларды топтасынызға қойыңыз, сосын оның сұрағына жауап беріңіз.

3- тапсырма. Pair work.

Make up and act out a dialogue discussing national holidays. Do library research and collect additional materials describing unusual national holidays. Use the expressions of correcting people, agreement and disagree­ment:

1. Staying with your friends in London, you discuss the customs and traditions of a national holiday with your host/ hostess.

2. Be a host/hostess to a guest from Britain and discuss the beauty of Kazakh folk tradition in festivals. Point out the revival of traditions.

3. Exchange opinions with your partner on the multination­al character of our society and the advantages of enrichment for the various traditions in the multinational situations.

СТУДЕНТТЕРДІҢ ӨЗ БЕТІНШЕ АТҚАРАТЫН ЖҰМЫСЫНА АРНАЛҒАН МӘТІН

ГРАММАТИКАЛЫҚ ТАПСЫРМАЛАР

1- тапсырма. Төмендегі жақшаның ішіндегі етістіктерді the Past Indefinite әлде the Present Perfect қойыңыз.

1. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 2. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 3. He just (to come) home. 4. He (to come) home a minute ago. 5. Nick (to play) football yesterday. 6. She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework. 7. I (to read) this book last year. 8. I (to read) this book this year. 9. I never (to be) to Washington. 10. You ever (to be) to New York? 11. You ever (to see) the eruption of a volcano? 12. I (not yet to eat) today. 13. He (not to eat) yesterday. 14. You (to play) the piano yesterday? 15. You (to play) the piano today? 16. What you (to prepare) for today? 17. Look at this bird-house. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last Sunday. 18. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 19. You (to see) Mary today? 20. When you (to see) Mary? — I (to see) her last week. 21. Your mother (to promise) to take you to the theatre? 22. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it myself. 23. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. — When he (to fall) ill? — He (to fall) ill yesterday.

1. You (find) the money which you (lose) yesterday? — Yes, I (find) it in the pocket of my coat when I (come) home. 2. The rain (stop) but a strong wind is still blowing, 3. You (see) Nick today? — Yes, but he already (leave). 4. We never (see) him. We don't even know what he looks like. 5. She (meet) them in the Globus theatre last afternoon. 6. How long you (know) him? — We (meet) in 1996, but we (not see) each other since last autumn. 7. He (live) in St. Petersburg for two years and then (go) to Siberia. 8. When he (arrive)? — He (arrive) at 2 o'clock. 9. I (read) this book when I was at school. 10. I can't go with you because I (not finish) my lessons yet. 11. The clock is slow. — It isn't slow, it (stop). 12. He (leave) for Canada two years ago and I (not see) him since. 13. This is the fifth cup of coffee you (have) today! I4. It is the most beautiful place I (visit). 16. I (not see) Nick lately. Anything (happen) to him? - Yes, he (get) into an accident three weeks ago. Since that time he (be) in hospital. 16. Why you (switch on) the light? It isn't dark yet. 17. He (do) everything already? — Yes, he (do) his part of work long ago. 18. The last post (come)? — Yes, it (come) half an hour ago. 19. When you (meet) him last? 20. You ever (be) to Japan? — Yes, I (be) there the year when there was an earthquake. 21. The discussion already (begin). Why are you always late? 22. Why you (take) my pen while I was out? You (break) it. 23. You never (tell) me why you're called Tony when your name is John. 24. Her father (die) when she was a small girl. 25. They (not meet) since they (leave) school. 26. The rain (stop). Come out, I want to speak with you

1- тапсырма. Мәтінді оқыңыз және қазақ тіліне аударыңыз
BESIK TOI

The arrival of birth, whether it be of a foal, calf, or baby also involved another celebration called of Besikke Salu was practiced, and all the relatives, neighbors, and nearby children are invited. Guests to the feast brought “Shasshu”, or candies, kurts, and coins. The baby’s cradle is made by a special master carver. Only women who have conceived their own children are allowed to place babies in their cradles, and any woman who would place a friend’s baby in this place of honor must sew and any present a new itkoilek to the baby’s mother.

During the Besik Toi celebration, visiting women will heat an iron until it is red hot and then cauterize all the corners of the cradle to drive evils away. The “Baibiishi” or senior .wife of the household tied eagle claws into an amulet. And everything had to be perfectly arranged in the cradle before the body was placed in his or her cradle for the first time. The cradle was very convenient for nomads, and Kazakh children were kept there until they were weaned. The Kazakhs knew that keeping a baby clean was important, so the revered cradle would be kept for several generations, so that a grandfather's cradle might one day be used for his grandson. The symbolism of the cradle is important in Kazakh tradition, which may be one reason that the Kazakhs often call their native place “Golden Cradle”. When a mullah would be present for the Besik Toi, he would shout the baby’s new name into his ears. And in ancient times, seven items-including a whip, a bridle, a fur coat, and a blanket would be placed in the cradle. Each of these items meant something to the family. A bridle joy even becomes a batyr.

The host of the Besik Toi showed his gratitude by presenting substantial gifts like a ring, bracelet, earrings or cloth to visitors. For a visiting Mullah, a calf may have been given. Songs, of course, were always being the ceremonies listed above, especially lullabies. Young girls would also swing the cradle. Kazakhs made a spout for the cradle from the marrow bone or carved from wood. The top of the spout was placed in a peninsula. The child who kept in the cradle was hoped to have straight legs. There is also a saying among the Kazakhs that “Snow rises from Frost”, and babies were believed to require “lubricating». To lubricating the baby parents used melted fat from the sheep’s tail. First of all, the Godmother would bathe the baby with soap, and then dry him with a soft towel. After that, she would lubricate his body with fat, and then stretch his legs and hands.

Of course, only wealthy people could really afford many of the things mentioned above, Nowadays, as our country moves away from nomadism and toward a market economy, few people can afford feasts like the Besik Toi.

2- тапсырма. Мәтін бойынша сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз:

1. 
   When do Kazakh people celebrate Besikke Salu?
   
2. 
   What is Shasshu?
   
3. 
   What is the baby’s cradle made by”?
   
4. 
   What is the main ritual of this feast?
   
5. 
   Why are women allowed to place babies in their cradles?
   
6. 
   Whom is called “Baibiishi”?
   
7. 
   What does “Golden Cradle” symbolize?
   
8. 
   Who is mullah?
   
9. 
   What is a saying among the Kazakhs that “Snow raises from Frost”?
   
10. 
    What do people do at this feast?