Генри Киссинджер Мировой порядок

Mark Mancall, «The Ch’ing Tribute System: An Interpretive Essay», in The Chinese World Order, ed. John K. Fairbank (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), 63.

Mark Mancall, China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign Policy (New York: Free Press, 1984), 16–20.

Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China, 2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 197–202.

Ying-shih Yь, Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), 37.

The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection, ed. Pei-kai Cheng, Michael Lestz, and Jonathan Spence (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 105. 219.

Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the First Session of the Thirty-eighth Congress (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1864), Document No. 33 («Mr. Burlingame to Mr. Seward, Peking, January 29, 1863»), 2:846–848.

James Legge, The Chinese Classics; with a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes, vol. 5, pt. 1 (Hong Kong: Lane, Crawford, 1872), 52–53.

Rana Mitter, Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II, 1937–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013).

«Sixty Points on Working Methods – a Draft Resolution from the Office of the Centre of the CPC: 19.2.1958», in Mao Papers: Anthology and Bibliography, ed. Jerome Ch’en (London: Oxford University Press, 1970), 63–66.

«National Intelligence Estimate 13-7-70: Communist China’s International Posture» (November 12, 1970), in Tracking the Dragon: National Intelligence Estimates on China During the Era of Mao, 1948–1976, ed. John Allen, John Carver, and Tom Elmore (Pittsburgh: Government Printing Office, 2004), 593–594.

Graham Allison, «Obama and Xi Must Think Broadly to Avoid a Classic Trap», New York Times, June 6, 2013.

Richard Rosecrance, The Resurgence of the West: How a Transatlantic Union Can Prevent War and Restore the United States and Europe (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2013).

Zhu Majie, «Deng Xiaoping’s Human Rights Theory», in Cultural Impact on International Relations, ed. Yu Xintian, Chinese Philosophical Studies (Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, 2002), 81.

«Speech on Conciliation with America» (1775), in Edmund Burke, On Empire, Liberty, and Reform: Speeches and Letters, ed. David Bromwich (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2000), 81–83.

Alexis de Tocqueville, «Concerning Their Point of Departure», in Democracy in America, trans. George Lawrence (New York: Harper & Row, 1969), 46–47.

Paul Leicester Ford, ed., The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892–99), 8:158–59, quoted in Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson, Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 11.

Jefferson to Monroe, October 24, 1823, as excerpted in «Continental Policy of the United States: The Acquisition of Cuba», United States Magazine and Democratic Review, April 1859, 23.

John Winthrop, «A Model of Christian Charity» (1630). See Brendan Simms, Europe, 36.

Publius [Alexander Hamilton], The Federalist 1, in Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Mentor, 1961), 1–2.

John O’Sullivan, «Annexation», United States Magazine and Democratic Review, July – August 1845, 5.

John Quincy Adams, «An Address Delivered at the Request of the Committee of Citizens of Washington, 4 July 1821» (Washington, D.C.: Davis and Force, 1821), 28–29.

Jedidiah Morse, The American Geography; or, A View of the Present Situation of the United States of America, 2nd ed. (London: John Stockdale, 1792), 468–469, as excerpted in Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion: A Brief History with Documents, ed. Amy S. Greenberg (Boston: Bedford/St.Martin’s, 2012), 53.

John O’Sullivan, «The Great Nation of Futurity», United States Magazine and Democratic Review, November 1839, 426–427.

Amanda Foreman, A World on Fire: Britain’s Crucial Role in the American Civil War (New York: Random House, 2011);

Howard Jones, Blue and Gray Diplomacy: A History of Union and Confederate Foreign Relations (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009).

Fareed Zakaria, From Wealth to Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1998), 47.

Grover Cleveland, First Inaugural Address, March 4, 1885, in The Public Papers of Grover Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889), 8.

Thomas G. Paterson, J. Garry Clifford, and Kenneth J. Hagan, American Foreign Policy: A History (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1977), 189.

Theodore Roosevelt, Inaugural Address, March 4, 1905, in United States Congressional Serial Set 484 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1905), 559.

Theodore Roosevelt, «International Peace», Nobel lecture, May 5, 1910, in Peace: 1901–1925: Nobel Lectures (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 1999), 106.

Roosevelt’s statement to Congress, 1902, quoted in John Morton Blum, The Republican Roosevelt (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1967), 137.

Roosevelt to Spring Rice, December 21, 1907, in The Selected Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, ed. H. W. Brands (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001), 465.

Theodore Roosevelt, review of The Influence of Sea Power upon History, by Alfred Thayer Mahan, Atlantic Monthly, October 1890.

Theodore Roosevelt, «The Strenuous Life», in The Strenuous Life: Essays and Addresses (New York: Century, 1905), 9.

Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex (New York: Random House, 2001), 176–82.

Theodore Roosevelt’s Annual Message to Congress for 1904, HR 58A-K2, Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, RG 233, Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives.

James R. Holmes, Theodore Roosevelt and World Order: Police Power in International Relations (Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007), 10–13, 68–74.

Woodrow Wilson, Commencement Address at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point (June 13, 1916), in Papers of Woodrow Wilson, ed. Arthur S. Link (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1982), 37:212.

Woodrow Wilson, Address to a Joint Session of Congress on the Conditions of Peace (January 8, 1918) («Fourteen Points»), as quoted in A. Scott Berg, Wilson (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2013), 471.

Treaties for the Advancement of Peace Between the United States and Other Powers Negotiated by the Honorable William J. Bryan, Secretary of State of the United States, with an Introduction by James Brown Scott(New York: Oxford University Press, 1920).

Woodrow Wilson, Message to Congress, April 2, 1917, in U.S. Presidents and Foreign Policy from 1789 to the Present, ed. Carl C. Hodge and Cathal J. Nolan (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–CLIO, 2007), 396.

Wilson, Message to Congress, April 2, 1917, in President Wilson’s Great Speeches, and Other History Making Documents (Chicago: Stanton and Van Vliet, 1917), 17–18.

Woodrow Wilson, Fifth Annual Message, December 4, 1917, in United States Congressional Serial Set 7443 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1917), 41.

Wilson, Fifth Annual Message, December 4, 1917, in The Foreign Policy of President Woodrow Wilson: Messages, Addresses and Papers, ed. James Brown Scott (New York: Oxford University Press, 1918), 306.

Lloyd George, Wilson memorandum, March 25, 1919, in Ray Stannard Baker, ed., Woodrow Wilson and World Settlement (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1922), 2:450.

Harold Nicolson, Peacemaking, 1919 (1933; London: Faber & Faber, 2009).

Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New York: Random House, 2002).

«Differences Between the North Atlantic Treaty and Traditional Military Alliances», appendix to the testimony of Ambassador Warren Austin, April 28, 1949, in U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, The North Atlantic Treaty, hearings, 81st Cong., 1st sess. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949), pt. I.

Roosevelt to James Bryce, November 19, 1918, in The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, ed. Elting E. Morrison (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954), 8:1400.

See Peter Clarke, The Last Thousand Days of the British Empire: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the Birth of the Pax Americana (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2009).

Radio Address at Dinner of Foreign Policy Association, New York, October 21, 1944, in Presidential Profiles: The FDR Years, ed. William D. Peterson (New York: Facts on File, 2006), 429.

Fourth Inaugural Address, January 20, 1945, in My Fellow Americans: Presidential Inaugural Addresses from George Washington to Barack Obama (St. Petersburg, Fla.: Red and Black Publishers, 2009).

William C. Bullitt, «How We Won the War and Lost the Peace», Life, August 30, 1948, as quoted in Arnold Beichman, «Roosevelt’s Failure at Yalta», Humanitas 16, no. 1 (2003): 104.

Keith Eubank, Summit at Teheran: The Untold Story (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 188–196.

T. A. Taracouzio, War and Peace in Soviet Diplomacy (New York: Macmillan, 1940), 139–140.

Charles Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929–1969 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1973), 211.

Conrad Black, Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2003).

Глава 8

Harry S. Truman, Address on Foreign Policy at the Navy Day Celebration in New York City, October 27, 1945.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Second Inaugural Address («The Price of Peace»), January 21, 1957, in Public Papers of the Presidents: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1957–1961, 62–63.

Gerald Ford, Address to a Joint Session of Congress, August 12, 1974, in Public Papers of the Presidents: Gerald R. Ford (1974–1977), 6.

Lyndon B. Johnson, Address to the United Nations General Assembly, December 17, 1963.

Robert Kagan, The World America Made (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012).

Milovan Djilas, Conversations with Stalin, trans. Michael B. Petrovich (New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1962), 114.

Kennan to Charles Bohlen, January 26, 1945, as quoted in John Lewis Gaddis, George Kennan: An American Life (New York: Penguin Books, 2011), 188.

«X» [George F. Kennan], «The Sources of Soviet Conduct», Foreign Affairs 25, no. 4 (July 1947).

Robert Rhodes James, ed., Winston S. Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897–1963 (New York: Chelsea House, 1974), 7:710.

A Report to the National Security Council by the Executive Secretary on United States Objectives and Programs for National Security, NSC-68 (April 14, 1950), 7.

John Foster Dulles, «Foundations of Peace» (address to the Veterans of Foreign Wars, New York, August 18, 1958).

Shen Zhihua, Mao, Stalin, and the Korean War: Trilateral Communist Relations in the 1950s, trans. Neil Silver (London: Routledge, 2012), 140.

Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War: The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), 149–150.

Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1993).

Henry Kissinger, On China (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

Shen, Mao, Stalin, and the Korean War; and Shu Guang Zhang, Mao’s Military Romanticism: China and the Korean War, 1950–1953 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995).

General Omar N. Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, testimony before the Senate Committees on Armed Services and Foreign Relations, May 15, 1951, in Military Situation in the Far East, hearings, 82nd Cong., 1st sess., pt. 2, 732 (1951).

Peter Braestrup, Big Story: How the American Press and Television Reported and Interpreted the Crisis of Tet 1968 in Vietnam and Washington (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1977).

Robert Elegant, «How to Lose a War: The Press and Viet Nam», Encounter (London), August 1981, 73–90.

Guenter Lewy, America in Vietnam (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 272–279, 311–324.

«An Interview with the President: The Jury Is Out», Time, January 3, 1972.

Richard Nixon, U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970’s: Building for Peace: A Report to the Congress, by Richard Nixon, President of the United States, February 25, 1971, 107.

Richard Nixon, Remarks to Midwestern News Media Executives Attending a Briefing on Domestic Policy in Kansas City, Missouri, July 6, 1971, in Public Papers of the Presidents, 805–806.

Richard Nixon, Second Inaugural Address, January 20, 1973, in My Fellow Americans, 333.

Richard Nixon, U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970’s: Building for Peace, 10.

Richard Nixon, U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970’s: A New Strategy for Peace, February 18, 1970, 9.

Richard Nixon, U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1970’s: Shaping a Durable Peace, May 3, 1973, 232–33.

Ronald Reagan, Farewell Address to the American People, January 11, 1989, in In the Words of Ronald Reagan: The Wit, Wisdom, and Eternal Optimism of America’s 40th President, ed. Michael Reagan (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 34.

Ronald Reagan, An American Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 592.

Lou Cannon, President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), 792.

Ronald Reagan, Address Before a Joint Session of Congress on the State of the Union, January 25, 1984, in The Public Papers of President Ronald W. Reagan, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.

George H. W. Bush, Remarks to the Federal Assembly in Prague, Czechoslovakia, November 17, 1990, accessed online at Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, eds., The American Presidency Project.

George H. W. Bush, Remarks at Maxwell Air Force Base War College, Montgomery, Alabama, April 13, 1991, in Michael D. Gambone, Small Wars: Low-Intensity Threats and the American Response Since Vietnam(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2012), 121.

«Confronting the Challenges of a Broader World», President Clinton Address to the UN General Assembly, New York City, September 27, 1993, in Department of State Dispatch 4, no. 39 (September 27, 1993).

George W. Bush, Presidential Address to a Joint Session of Congress, September 20, 2001, in We Will Prevail: President George W. Bush on War, Terrorism, and Freedom (New York: Continuum, 2003), 13.

«Agreement on Provisional Arrangements in Afghanistan Pending the Re-establishment of Permanent Government Institutions», December 5, 2001, UN Peacemaker online archive.

UN Security Council Resolution 1510 (October 2003).

Winston Churchill, My Early Life (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1930), 134.

The National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002).

George W. Bush, Remarks by the President at the 20th Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy, United States Chamber of Commerce, Washington, D.C. (November 6, 2003).

William J. Clinton, Statement on Signing the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, October 31, 1998.

Remarks by the President at the 20th Anniversary of the National Endowment for Democracy, Washington, D.C., November 6, 2003.

Peter Baker, Days of Fire: Bush and Cheney in the White House (New York: Doubleday, 2013), 542.

George Shultz, «Power and Diplomacy in the 1980s», Washington, D.C., April 3, 1984, Department of State Bulletin, vol. 84, no. 2086 (May 1984), 13.

Michael Gerson, «The Origins of Strategic Stability: The United States and the Threat of Surprise Attack», in Strategic Stability: Contending Interpretations, ed. Elbridge Colby and Michael Gerson (Carlisle, Pa: Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press, 2013).

Michael Quinlan, Thinking About Nuclear Weapons Principles, Problems, Prospects (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).

C. A. Mack, «Fifty Years of Moore’s Law», IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 24, no. 2 (May 2011): 202–207.

Rick Smolan and Jennifer Erwitt, eds., The Human Face of Big Data (Sausalito, Calif.: Against All Odds, 2013).

Eric Schmidt and Jared Cohen, The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013).

Jaron Lanier, Who Owns the Future? (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013).

Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011).

Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live Work, and Think (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013), 73–97.

Don Clark, «‘Internet of Things’ in Reach», Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2014.

David C. Gompert and Phillip Saunders, The Paradox of Power: Sino-American Strategic Relations in an Age of Vulnerability (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 2011).

Ralph Langer, «Stuxnet: Dissecting a Cyberwarfare Weapon», IEEE Security and Privacy 9, no. 3 (2011): 49–52.

Rex Hughes, quoting General Keith Alexander, in «A Treaty for Cyberspace», International Affairs 86, no. 2 (2010): 523–541.

Publius [James Madison], The Federalist 10, in Hamilton, Madison, and Jay, Federalist Papers, 46–47.

Digital Set to Surpass TV in Time Spent with US Media: Mobile Helps Propel Digital Time Spent», eMarketer.com, August 1, 2013.

Brian Stelter, «8 Hours a Day Spent on Screens, Study Finds», New York Times, March 26, 2009.

T. S. Eliot, Collected Poems, 1909–1962 (Boston: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991), 147.

Betsy Sparrow, Jenny Liu, and Daniel M. Wegner, «Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips», Science 333, no. 6043 (2011): 776–778.

Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010).

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Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, «Text Messages Used to Incite Violence in Kenya», National Public Radio, February 20, 2008.

«When SMS Messages Incite Violence in Kenya», Harvard Law School Internet & Democracy Blog, February 21, 2008.

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Charles Kupchan, No One’s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012).

Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).

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G. S. Kirk and J. E. Raven, The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of Texts (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1957), 193, 195, 199 (on Heraclitus).

Friedrich Nietzsche, The Pre-Platonic Philosophers, trans. with commentary by Greg Whitlock (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001).

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1

Вестфальский мирный договор был подписан в середине XVII века, а концепция тотальной войны разработана немецкими военными теоретиками в начале XX века; эта концепция исходила из факта, что современная война перестала быть сражением армий и стала сражением наций – одно государство, мобилизуя все доступные ресурсы, побеждает другое, сокрушая его «дух». (Прим. перев.)

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Экуменизм – единство в многообразии, принцип сосуществования различных христианских церквей. В данном случае вместо авторского термина было бы логичнее использовать определение «мультикультурализм». (Прим. перев.)

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3

Имеется в виду государство Сасанидов на территории современных Ирака и Ирана (в период расцвета занимало территорию от Александрии в Египте до Пешавара в Пакистане), существовавшее до середины VII столетия и уничтоженное Арабским халифатом. (Прим. перев.)

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4

«Территория войны» (Дар-аль-харб) – в исламском богословии земли, где большинство населения составляют неверные, не исповедующие ислам и ему враждебные. «Территории войны» противопоставляется Дар-аль-ислам – «территория ислама»; между ними находится Дар-ас-сульх – «территория перемирия», где в Аллаха не верят, но мусульман не преследуют. Ни в Коране, ни в хадисах (изречениях) Пророка о подобном делении мира не упоминается; считается, что эту концепцию ввели в обращение богословы XIII–XIV веков. (Прим. перев.)

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5

Имеется в виду передача значительной части полномочий государственной власти в суверенном национальном государстве наднациональной структуре, в данном случае – Европейскому союзу. (Прим. перев.)

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6

Цит. по: Антология мировой правовой мысли. Т. 2. М.: Мысль, 1999. Пер. Н. Ф. Ускова. (Прим. перев.)

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7

Полный титул Карла звучал так: «Карл милостивейший возвышенный, коронованный Богом, великий властитель-миротворец, правитель Римской империи, милостью Божией король франков и лангобардов». (Прим. перев.)

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8

Имеется в виду создание Испанской марки (графства), завоевание Жероны и Барселоны и последующий захват Таррагоны (801–806). Следует отметить, что боевые действия против мавров вел не Карл, а его сын и будущий преемник на троне – Людовик Аквитанский (Благочестивый). (Прим. перев.)

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9

Позднее в Европе, фракционной и скептической по отношению к универсалистским претензиям, правление Карла воспринималось не столько как шаг в направлении долгожданного единства, сколько как катастрофическая угроза. Шотландский философ Дэвид Юм, продукт эпохи Просвещения, напишет в восемнадцатом столетии: «Человечество заново устрашилось опасности всемирной монархии, когда император Карл объединил столь многие королевства и княжества».

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