47
N. Kerimbayev et al.
ing it in the direction of changing the forms of learn-
ing as well as expanding the spatial possibilities of
the learning process, in addition, these transforma-
tions contribute to the development of new forms
of learning and the formation of mindsets (Traxler,
2017) [13].
The above views on the concept of “mobile
learning” show a diverse understanding of this con-
cept and form the most complete picture of it. At the
same time it should be noted that the process of im-
plementation of mobile learning should correspond
to the current stage of development of the economy
and society as a whole. It is also necessary to take
into account the fact that the introduction of technol-
ogy is impossible without a clearly developed meth-
odology. The analysis of methods of application of
mobile learning technology in different countries of
the world showed that at present the methodology
of mobile learning is in the process of formation. At
this point, there are a number of problems, one of
which has been considered by Jordanian scientists.
An article on this study states, “In light of the find-
ings, it is clear that there is still a lack of culture
among educators regarding the importance of us-
ing mobile technology in education. Doubts mostly
arise either from a lack of necessary skills or from
an unwillingness or improper use and distraction to
the classroom” (Al-Hamad, 2020) [14]. Attention
needs to be paid to training for this technology and
to the development of quality instructional materials
for mobile learning technology. It is also important
to find out if all students are ready to learn with this
technology. Despite the difficulties encountered,
there is a general dynamic of growth in the popular-
ity of mobile learning technology.
In this article we
consider the foreign experi-
ence of using this technology in order to analyze
and identify the positive and negative sides as one
of the research objectives. It is safe to say that in
the Republic of Kazakhstan the majority of students
have mobile devices. As the analysis of experience
in the use of mobile learning technology has shown,
implementation of mobile technologies in the peda-
gogical process in our country is not given proper
attention. The Kazakhstan scientists work in this
direction, but at the moment there are no serious
developments implemented in the system of meth-
ods of school education. This fact confirms the rel-
evance of our study.
Policy recommendations
on mobile learning,
published in 2015 by the United Nations Educa-
tional, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the
UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in
Education, state that mobile technology is not and
will never be a panacea for education. but it is a
powerful and often overlooked tool that can take ed-
ucation to the next level. That is why it is necessary
to analyze how mobile technologies can help to op-
timize the educational process in school education
(Policy recommendations for mobile learning) [11].
In 2015, the UNESCO Association conducted
a large-scale study on the use of mobile technol-
ogy in education. Experts from more than 20 coun-
tries took part in the project. They included China,
Colombia, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the
Republic of Korea, Russia, Senegal, South Africa,
Thailand, Turkey, and the USA. The study formu-
lated policy recommendations for mobile learning
and developed and tested several projects. They
demonstrate the possibilities of using mobile tech-
nology in the educational process. These scientific
studies provide grounds
for further work in this
scientific and pedagogical direction. The team of
the association has made a great contribution to the
development of school mobile learning technolo-
gy. Based on this experience, we can make relevant
conclusions and develop the necessary suggestions
in this direction.
The urgent task of introducing mobile technol-
ogy is to provide equal opportunities for education.
As an example, let’s consider two projects BridgeIT
and Nokia Life. The Nokia Life project, which was
launched in 2009, gave more than 90 million people
in India, China, Indonesia and Nigeria access to in-
formation and educational resources. The BridgeIT
project for Latin America and Asia, based on an
exploratory
approach to learning, provides state-
of-the-art educational materials via the mobile In-
ternet. Both projects are ambitious and demonstrate
the power of mobile technology to bring educational
information even to remote communities. This prob-
lem is urgent for many countries, including schools
in rural areas of Kazakhstan. In remote villages,
there are problems with Internet service and a short-
age of teachers.
Thanks to mobile technologies, learning is pos-
sible at any time and in any place. Another UNES-
CO project aims to improve literacy through mobile
technologies. It was introduced into schools in re-
mote areas of Pakistan. Researchers supplemented
a regular face-to-face course with mobile technol-
ogy. As a result of the project,
learning achieve-
ment improved. The project is still developing and
expanding. This is an illustrative example and it can
be noted for the development of methodology in our
research. The technology can be used either com-
pletely or partially, applying and introducing mixed
forms of learning.
48
Trends in the development of mobile learning technology in different countries
The Ecosystems Mobile Outdoor Blended Im-
mersion Learning Environment (EcoMOBILE) pro-
gram deserves consideration in our study in terms
of using mobile technology to supplement hands-on,
real-world learning experiences. The EcoMOBILE
program is designed for high school students learn-
ing about aquatic ecosystems. This program is de-
signed and implemented in schools in North Amer-
ica. During a field trip, students use mobile devices
to explore an area adjacent to a reservoir. The es-
sence of mobile technology is that students gather
at a specific location and the teacher challenges
them to collect data for further investigation using
the resources provided. This interactive program is
made possible by the
integration of GPS technol-
ogy implemented in mobile devices. It fundamen-
tally changes the relationship between students and
the research environment and promotes high-level
thinking, hands-on research, and teamwork (Policy
recommendations for mobile learning) [11].
It is also necessary to mention large-scale proj-
ects devoted to teaching methods using mobile tech-
nologies: the British learning system “The Mobile
Learning Network Project (MoLe NET)”, a popular
project in Europe on the inclusion of mobile tech-
nologies in lifelong learning “Mobile Technologies
in Lifelong Learning: best practices (MOTILL)”.
The largest in the world by the number of partici-
pants, the MoLeNet project was aimed at creating
a unified virtual system of mobile learning. A total
of 147 colleges and 37 schools in Great Britain took
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