М. И. Дроздова, М. Н. Липская, Ю. А. Вельковская, Е. Л. Батурина, английский язык

Вариант 1

I Препишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в кождом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

2 Isaac went to the village school where he was taught how to read and write.

3 In July the child will be sent to the camp.

4 The church tower is being restored, the work is almost finished.

5 The police has already been given the information.

6 By the time we came the work had been finished.

1 At birth, Newton was of such small size that his mother, later, told him, that he could have been put in side a quart pot.

2 The damage had to be paid by Isaac's mother.

3 In a year he will be able to speak English fluently.

5 You should be more polite when speaking to your grandmother.

6 She may be sleeping now, don't disturb her.

Ill Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите причас­тия, определите их вид и функцию, предложения переведите:

1 The man standing at the window is a friend of mine.

2 While looking at the monkeys the little girl laughed a lot.

3 The boy invited by Peter lives next door to me.

4 If asked, he will help.

5 When questioned what he believed in he answered that he believed in the republic.

6 There were four girls, sitting on the wooden benches.

When he came, we had already Когда он пришел, мы уже закон-

finished our discussion. чили нашу дискуссию.

Придаточное предложение времени.



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1 I did not like at all the idea of going to the station.

2 Going to the station I met our Miller.

3 I have just seen her going along the street to the station.

1 Isaac always had the greatest love for his mother who married a second time and went to live with her husband.

2 Isaac went to the village school where he was taught how to read and write.

3 When he was twelve, his grandmother sent him to King's school at Grantham.

4 Even his mother saw that Isaac would be good for nothing as a farmer.

5 I don't know whether she will come today.

6 The doorbell rang just as I finished dressing.
VI Выпишите из текста одно предложение, содержащее герун­дий. Определите функцию герундия. Предложение переведите. Выпишите из текста одно условное предложение и переве­дите его. Союз подчеркните.

VII Перепишите следующие интернациональные слова и пе­реведите их, стараясь не пользоваться словарем:

Model, to construct, initials, arithmetic, geometry, history, to be inter­ested, farm, business, chance, university.

ISAAC NEWTON’S BOYHOOD.

Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642, three months after
his father's death. At birth, Newton was of such small size that his mother, later, told him he could have been put inside a quart pot. Isaac always had the greatest love for his mother, who married a second time and went to live with her husband. Little Isaac stayed with his grand-mother.

Isaac went to the village school where he was taught how to read and

to write. He was very good at constructing models. When he was twelve, his grandmother sent him to King's school at Grantham, founded by Henry VIII. The old school building in which Newton was educated exists today and, among other initials, those of I.N. carved by Newton near one of the windows can still be seen. Isaac learned arithmetic, geometry, history, Latin and Scrip­ture. But most of all he was interested in his models. He used all the pocked money which his mother sent to him to buy all sorts of fools for making mod­els. One of them was a model of a windmill. He put it on top of a house to catch the wind, keeping a mouse inside to represent the miller.

When Newton was about fifteen years old, his mother wanted him to take charge of the farm. So she took him away from King's school and brought him back home. It soon became clear that a mistake had been made. Isaac was not at all interested in running the farm. If he had to go into the field to look after a flock of sheep, he would sit under a tree reading or cutting models out of wood. In the meantime the sheep went into the cornfield and the damage had to be paid by Isaac's mother. Isaac found the farm business very dull.

If he had a chance, he would slip away to read some new books on science. Even his mother saw that Isaac would be good for nothing as a farmer and she sent him to the University at Cambridge to carry on his studies.

Пояснения к тексту:

Quart pot - кружка вместимостью в одну кварту.

То carve - вырезать.

Windmill - ветряная мельница.

А flock of sheep - стадо овец.

То be good for nothing as a fanner - быть никудышним фермером.

1 The answer was found.

2 Have you ever been asked about it?
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3 The dinner will have been cooked by two.

4 The problem is still being discussed by the scientists.

5 The car which had been stolen was later found in the park.

6 When we came the room was being cleaned.

II Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каж­дом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Пере-ведите предложения на русский язык:

1 Newton had no idea that he was to become the most famous of them.

2 Newton had to leave Cambridge.

3 Were you allowed to stay here?

4 I can't solve this problem.

5 You should have translated the whole article.

6 Could you show me the way to the station?

III Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите при-частия, определите их вид и функцию. Предложения переведите.

1 The woman talking to him is his sister's colleague.

2 He observed a folded copy of the "Times".

3 Manuel went in, carrying his suitcase.

4 The street was full of people, laughing and going home.

5 Frank, hearing the steps, turned round.

6 They walked in silence between the tables, now loaded with books.

IV Из данных предложений перепишите те, где есть герун­дий. Выпишите герундий, определите его функцию в предложе­нии. Предложения переведите:

1 The girls were going along the street laughing and talking.

2 While talking she never look her eyes from the doorway.

3 I can's go on talking to you.

1 In 1661, when Isaac was nineteen, he sat out the road for Cambridge.

2 He went to his home where he stayed for almost two years.

3 There is a story that, one autumn afternoon, Newton was sitting in his gar­den.

4 Do you know who formulated the universal law of gravitation?

5 After riding for a few minutes we came to a sandy beach.

6 If you ever need me, I shall be always around.
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VI Выпишите из текста одно предложение, содержащее герундий, предложение переведите. Выпишите из текcта одно придаточное условное предложение, переведите ero, союз подчеркните.

VII Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие ин­тернациональные слова, стараясь не пользоватьсяслова-рем:

Student, college, university, astronomy, mathematics, to publish, planet, experiment, problem, story, gravitation

How many books does Newton's famous work "Prmcipia" consist of ?

1 In 1661, when Isaac was nineteen he set out on the road for Cam­bridge, where he became a student of Trinity College. In those days, the uni­versities of Oxford and Cambridge were the chief seats of learning in Eng­land. Many famous men studied there. Certainly Newton had no idea that he was to become the most famous of them.

2 Since boyhood Newton had been interested in astronomy and mathematics. Some of his notebooks have come down to us. They contain notes about the book published in Latin by Copernicus where the famous Polish astronomer showed that, instead of the Sun going round the Earth, the Earth and the other planets moved round the Sun. The astronomers did not: know "why". This question was to be answered by Newton.

3 In 1665 the Great Plague broke out in London killing hundreds of people each day. Newton had to leave Cambridge. He went to his home, where he stayed for almost two years. After carrying out a number of his experiments he first began to see the answer to the problem set by the movement of the planets.

4 There is a story that, one autumn afternoon, Newton was sitting in his garden. Suddenly he saw an apple fall from one of the trees to the ground. What was the force which had pulled the apple towards the ground? Gradually Newton came to conclusion that the same force kept
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the Moon circling the Earth. This led Newton to formulate the universal law of gravitation, according to which every particle of matter attracts every other particle with a force which becomes weaker with increasing distance.

5 "Why", - thought Newton, - does the Moon not fall? The answer was found: the Moon does not fall because it is moving. If a stone is tied to the end of a piece of a string and spun round, it moves round and round in a circle so long as it is moving. It is the pull on the string that keeps the stone spinning round in a circle.

6 In 1687 Newton published an immense work called "Principia" which consists of three Books. The first two are about the problems of mo­tion, the third is a general summary of the law of gravitation.

to set out – направиться.

the Great Plague - Великая чума (страшная эпидемия,разразившаяся в Лондоне в XVII веке)_.

particle of matter - частица вещества.

to spin - крутиться, вращаться_.

1 Newton was very dissatisfied with the type of telescope then in use.

2 Telescopes of this king had been invented over thirty years before New­ton's birth.

3 White light is composed of many different colours.

4 This room looks different. Have you painted it?

5 By the time you come the room will have been cleaned.

6 He is being examined right now.

II Перепишите следующие предложения подчеркните в

каждом из них модальный глагол или эквивалент.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

I Newton had to carry out many experiments with a prism.

2 Newton wanted to make a telescope through which he could see the starts more clearly.

3 The guests are to come at 6 o'clock

4 Mum, may I put on your hat?

5 I'll not be able to help your because. I have never translated such texts.

6 You shouldn't have mentioned this fact.

1 Observing the movements of the stars, Newton was very dissatisfied with the type of telescope then in use.

2 The light passing through the prism fell on the opposite wall.

3 She went out, shutting the door behind her.

4 While reading I often take notes.

5 Saying all this she was crying.

6 A broken glass was on the table.
IV Из данных предложений перепишите те, где есть герун-дий, определив его функцию в предложении. Предложений пе-реведите:

1 They like working with him.

1 Newton was the first to show that while light is composed of many differ­ent colours.

2 The first telescope that Newton made was very small.

3 When reports on his lectures reached the Royal Society which was and still is the leading scientific Society in Great Britain, Newton was elected as a member.

4 By the time the book appeared he was elected President of the Royal Society.

5 I told him that was a magnificent piece of architecture.

6 If you come to Grantham you will see the old school building in which Newton was educated.
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VI Выпишите из текста одно предложение, содержащее герундий. Определите функцию герундия, предложение переведите. Выпишите из текста придаточное условное предложение, подчеркните союз, предложение переведите.

VII Перепишите и письменно переведите интернациональ-ные слова, стараясь не пользоваться словарем:

Universal, optics, type, telescope, nature, prism, violet, different, phe­nomenon, to design, lecture.

How was Newton rewarded for his services to science?

NEWTON AND THE STUDY OF LIGHT.

1 Isaac Newton is famous not only for the discovery of the universal law of gravitation. He has carried out the enormous work in the field of optics.

2 Observing the movements of the stars, Newton was very dissatis­fied with the type of telescope then in use. Telescopes of this king had been invented over thirty years be fore Newton's birth: they were like those made by Galileo: These telescopes gave a blurred image.

3 Newton felt like making a better reflectmg-telescope through which he could see the stars more clearly. He started studying the nature of light and colour. He had to carry out many experiments with a prism. He dark­e-ned his room so that light could enter only through a small hole in the window shutter. In front of this hole the prism was placed. The light passing through the prism a small piece of glass with three oblong sides - fell on the opposite wall. It was not simply a white spot. Newton counted seven colours in all: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (If you look at the sky when it is raining, you can sometimes see the same 7 colours of the spec­trum, we call it rainbow).

4 Newton was the first to show that white light is composed of many dif­ferent colours which appear in a form known to as today as a spectrum. Such a phenomenon was quite unknown before Newton's work.

5 Then Newton began to think about making an astronomical telescope. He set about designing a telescope of his own. The first telescope that Newton made was very small. Newton built the whole instrument himself.

6 In 1669, for the first time, he started to give lectures at Trinity College. He lectured on optics, the study of light. When repots on his lectures reached the Royal Society, which was and still is the leading Scientific Society in Great Britain, Newton was elected as a member (1672). There he presented his first papers on optics and described his reflecting telescope. In 1704 New­ton began preparing for the press his book optics. By the time the book ap­peared, he was elected president of the Royal Society. As a reward for his services to science he was knighted by the Queen.

Then in use – используемый тогда.

Blurred - расплывшийся, неясный.

Oblong - продолговатый, удлиненный.

То set about — приступить к чему-нибудь, начать что-либо.

То be knighted - быть возведенным в рыцари.

1 Stephenson's early life was spent in extreme poverty.

2 By that time several attempts had already been made to use steam engines to move vehicles.

3 My bag has disappeared. It has been stolen!

4 The computer is being used at the moment.

5 I did not realize that our conversation was being recorded.

6 She says that the match will be cancelled.

II Перепишите следующие предложения; подчерните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.

1 The Stephenson could not pay for their children to go to school.

2 He had to pick coal from stones.

3 On his eighteenth birthday he was able to write his own name for the first time.

4 Shall I open the windows?

5 The child was not allowed to watch TV.

6 He must apologize or he will be punished.
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III Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите при­частия, определите их вид и функцию. Предложения переведите:

1 The Liverpool-Manchester line opened on September 1830, was such a success that people all over the world began to build railroads.

2 You can see a monument elected to Stephenson in Westminster Abbey.

3 The tree broken by the wind was lying on the road.

4 I'm reading an English novel translated into Russian.

5 He has never seen her wearing trousers.

6 Being very tired I fell asleep at once.
IV Из данных предложений перепишите те, где есть ге­рундий. Выпишите герундий, определив его функцию. Предло­жение переведите:

1 I have never heard of him letting anyone down.

2 He went abroad letting his wife down.

3 Mother went to the kitchen letting the children play with the dog.

1 When he was eight he got his first job.

2 He went to a small night school where he was taught to write and read.

3 When the new railway was opened on September 2, 1825, it seemed to people a wonder.

4 The woman who is wearing a black dress is my aunt.

5 If it rains, we shall have to stay at home.

6 I can't remember where he lives.
VI Выпишите из текста одно предложение, содержащее ге-

рундий. Определите функцию герундия, предложение переведите.

VII Перепишите и письменно переведите данные интер­национальные слова, стараясь не пользоваться словарем.

School, arithmetic, to design, locomotive, mile, director, monument, memo­rial, express, extreme.

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IX Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте на вопрос письменно:

Did Stephenson help workmen when he became a rich man?

GEORGE STEPHENSON.

1 George Stephenson (1781-1848), inventor and founder of railways, was born at Wylam, Northumberland, on June 9,1781. His early life was spent in extreme poverty. The Stephenson could not pay for their children to go to school. Not until he was a man did George even learn to read and write.

2 When he was eight he had his first job. A widow paid him two pence a day for watching her cows. Then his father found him a job at the colliery. He had to pick coal from stones that had been mixed with the coal during exca­vation. His ambition was to know more about steam engines. So he set to work to educate himself. He went to a small night school where he was taught to write and read and do simple arithmetic. On his eighteenth birthday he was able to write his own name for the first time!

3 About 1815 he was busy producing for the colliery a "traveling en­gine" from pithead to the port. It was a success. Since then the steam was used instead of animal traction. By that time several attempts had already been made to use steam engines to vehicles - to design a steam locomotive. Stephenson turned his attention as a mechanic was beginning to spread, so he was asked to spread, so he was asked to build a railway of a about thirty-six miles between Stockton and Darlington. Stephenson got the task of building the railway with metal instead of wooden rails and to use steam engines in­stead of horses. When the new railway was opened on September 27, 1825. it seemed to people a wonder!

4 When the Liverpool and Manchester railway was built, Stephenson again persuaded the directors to try locomotives. A prize was offered for the best locomotives - Stephenson's "Rocked" won it. The Liverpool -Manchester line opened on September 15, 1830 was such a success that people all over the world began to build railroads.

5 Stephenson became a very rich man, but he never forgot his humble origin, and was always ready to help workmen. If you come to London, you can see a monument erected to Stephenson in Westminster Abbey. But his best memorial is to be seen in the giant expresses today.

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Пояснения к тексту:

Colliery - угольная шахта.
Excavation - открытые работы.

Night school - вечерняя школа.

1 Morse was born at Charlestown, Massachusets in 1791.

2 The alphabet invented by Morse is still being used in telegraph systems today.

3 The first telegraph message was sent on May 24, 1844.

4 My camera broke down, but now it is working again. It has been re­paired.

5 The dinner was being cooked when I arrived.

6 He didn't come because he hadn't been invited.

II Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в ка­ждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1 The electricity could pass through any length of wire moving so fast that his speed could not be measured.

2 This student should not miss lectures.

3 You may think what you want but I'm telling the truth!

4 He might have forgotten about the date.

5 You will have to work hard if you want to improve your English.

6 He must be working at his report now.


III Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните при­частия, определите их функцию. Предложение переведите:

1 While leaving school the girls were talking about their new teacher.

2 After graduating from the University he went to work abroad.

3 Trees planted along the streets make the city more beautiful.

4 The ship sailing from France to New York on October 1, 1832,carried many passengers.

5 He met a young man interested in the telegraph, who put some money into his invention.

6 Morse was the pioneer of the most widely used electrical communication in the world today.