М инистерство образования и науки
PART III 10. VERB GENERAL
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PART III10. VERB GENERALThe Heart of the Sentence A. de Capua The problems for discussion 1. The verb as a part of speech. 2. Classification of verbs (notional/semi−notional/functional). 3. Grammatical subcategorization of notional verbs (actional/statal/processual; limitive/unlimitive). 4. The valency of verbs (complementive/uncomplementive; transitive/intransitive). 5. The lexical aspect in English and Russian. Key terms: dynamic process, finite forms of the verb (finites), non-finite forms of the verb (verbids, verbals), phrasal verbs, notional verb, functional verb, semi-functional verb, predicate, predicative, predicator, auxiliary verb, modal verb, pure link verb, specifying link verb, verbid introducer, aspective meaning, limitive (terminative) verb, unlimitive (non-terminative) verb, statal verb, actional verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb, pseudo-transitive verb, valence (valency), obligatory/optional valence, supplementive verb, complementive verb I. There are about 3200 verbs in Modern English. Study the following classification. I. Lexical Verbs or Main Verbs are divided into three groups: 1) Statal Verbs - be, stand, know. 2) Action Verbs − do, act, make. They can be complimentive (transitive and intransitive) or uncomplimentive (personal and impersonal) a) Transitive Verbs are subdivided into: Mono transitive verbs: I know the answer. Di transitive verbs:I told him (indirect) the answer. (direct) Complex Transitive Verbs: They have painted their house purple. (complement) b) Intransitive Verbs: My brother never smokes in the house. Note: Some verb can be transitive, intransitive and linking verbs. She could smell the smoke. (Transitive Verb) The rose smells sweet. (Linking verb) Your feet smell. (intransitive) Primary meaning – transitive (I’m reading) · Primary meaning – intransitive (He walks his dog every evening) · It’s difficult to say which meaning is primary (The weather changes. The Dean changed the timetable) 3) Linking Verbs (appear, be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, make, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste and turn etc.) e. g. The soup smells good. II. Auxiliary Verbs 1) Primary auxiliaries : be, have and do. I have bought a new car. 2) Modal auxiliaries : can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should and must. III. Reflexive Verbs: He warmed himself at the fire. IV. Performative Verbs: ( promise, swear, apologize, thank, confess. e.g.) I promise I will go there. V. Strong Verbs (regular – irregular): arise arose arisen. − Weak Verbs: worked. VI. Phrasal verbs: 1) With adverb: Get back the papers. 2) With prepositions: (at, by, for, into, of, on and with) What are you looking for? 3) With adverb and prepositions: put up with, run out of, go in for, do away with. VII. Finites – non-finites She teaches English. − I hate telling lies. жүктеу/скачать 0.67 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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