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Geography-Kozlova (1)

Components of maps 
Despite their variety, all maps have similar components, or parts. These include 
a title; a legend or key; a direction indicator; and a scale. 
The title of a map identifies what the map is about and what parts of the earth it 
shows. The title of some maps includes a date. Dates are useful on maps showing 
features that change over time. A map with the title "Distribution of Population in 
France: 1920", for example, should not be used when looking for figures on the 
present population of France. 
A legend or key explains the meaning of colors and symbols used on a map. A 
map with areas shown in green, red, and blue might be misunderstood unless the 
user knows what the green, red, and blue represent. The legend also explains the 
meaning of symbols used on a map, such as stars for capital cities. 
Every map should have a direction indicator. One such indicator is an arrow that 
points north. A different way to find directions on a map is to study the parallels and 
meridians. East and west directions follow parallels, or lines of latitude. North and south 
directions follow meridians, or lines of longitude. Parallels and meridians cross each 
other to form an imaginary grid over the earth. Because each degree can be broken into 
60 minutes (') and each minute can be broken into 60 seconds ("), this grid can be used 
to fix the precise location of any point on the earth's surface. 
The most important longitude is called the Greenwich Meridian, because it passes 
through a place called Greenwich in London where there is a famous observatory. The 
longitude of the Greenwich Meridian is 0 degrees. At Greenwich local time is called 
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). All places on the same meridian have the same local 
time. When it is noon at a given meridian, it is after noon or post meridiem (p.m.) at 
places which lie to the east of it. This is because the earth rotates from west to east.
At the same time the sun will be before noon or ante meridiem (a.m.) at places lying to 
the west. 


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