Английский язык: english for masters of chemistry

III. Read the following text. What is the meaning of the words in bold? Practice reading
chemical formulas and equations in the text (see the rules in Appendix 2 and Appendix
3).
TEXT B
TYPES OF INORGANIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Elements and compounds react with each other in
numerous ways. Almost every inorganic chemical reaction falls
into one or more of four broad categories.
I. Combination Reactions
Two or more reactants form one product in a combination
reaction. An example of a combination reaction is the formation of
sulfur dioxide when sulfur is burned in air:
S (s) + O
2
(g) --> SO
2
(g)
II. Decomposition Reactions
In a decomposition reaction, a compound breaks down
into two or more substances.
Decomposition usually results from electrolysis or heating. An example of a
decomposition reaction is the breakdown of mercury (II) oxide into its component elements:
2HgO (s) + heat --> 2Hg (l) + O
2
(g)
III. Single Displacement Reactions
A single displacement reaction is characterized by an atom or ion of a single
compound
replacing an atom of another element. An example of a single displacement
reaction is the displacement of copper ions in a copper sulfate solution by zinc metal,
forming zinc sulfate:
Zn (s) + CuSO
4 
(aq) --> Cu (s) + ZnSO
4
(aq)
Single displacement reactions are often subdivided into more specific categories, e.g.,
redox reactions - chemical reactions which involve oxidation and reduction.
IV. Double Displacement Reactions
Double displacement reactions also may be called metathesis reactions. In this type
of reaction, elements from two compounds displace each
other to form new compounds. An example of a double
displacement reaction occurs when solutions of calcium

жүктеу/скачать 4.51 Mb.

Достарыңызбен бөлісу: